The effect of ply properties in paperboard converting operations: a way to increase formability

Cellulose - This study addresses the question of how the difference in mechanical properties of the individual layers in a multi-ply commercial paperboard affects the outcome of the tray-forming...     

A machine for static and dynamic triaxial testing

A machine has been developed for studying the static and dynamic triaxial constitutive behavior of large specimens of geologic and construction materials. Test specimens can also contain a cylindrical tunnel cavity to permit study of tunnel-reinforcement structures and rock-structure interaction. The specimens are 0.3 m in diameter and 0.3 to 0.45 m high; the model tunnels can be up to 50 mm in diameter. Static and dynamic triaxial loads can be applied with maximum pressures of 200 MPa in static tests and 100 MPa in dynamic tests. Dynamic loading can also be superimposed on a static preload as large as 20 MPa. To facilitate study of tunnel reinforcement, the tunnel is maintained at ambient pressure, with access at both ends for instrumentation and photography. Example results show the influence on tunnel deformation of loading rate as well as the presence of joints and their orientation. For a given allowable tunnel closure, substantially greater pressures can be sustained under dynamic loading than under static loading, and substantially greater pressures can be sustained by an intact specimen than by a jointed specimen.     

Optimal closing of a pair trade with a model containing jumps

A pair trade is a portfolio consisting of a long position in one asset and a short position in another, and it is a widely used investment strategy in the financial industry. Recently, Ekström, Lindberg, and Tysk studied the problem of optimally closing a pair trading strategy when the difference of the two assets is modelled by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. In the present work the model is generalized to also include jumps. More precisely, we assume that the difference between the assets is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type process, driven by a Lévy process of finite activity. We prove a necessary condition for optimality (a so-called verification theorem), which takes the form of a free boundary problem for an integro-differential equation. We analyze a finite element method for this problem and prove rigorous error estimates, which are used to draw conclusions from numerical simulations. In particular, we present strong evidence for the existence and uniqueness of an optimal solution.     

Multi-scale study of the mineral porosity of veined gneiss and pegmatitic granite from Olkiluoto,Western Finland

The purpose of this work was to support the long-term experiments for investigation of rock matrix retention properties at the spent nuclear fuel repository site ONKALO, in Olkiluoto, Western Finland. Towards this end, rock samples were characterised in terms of porosity connected to mineralogy, with emphasis on pore sizes, and fillings. Both filled and unfilled pores were found with unfilled pores being majority in the pegmatitic granite veins of the mostly veined gneiss samples. It was found that the fillings were often connected to local alteration and the alteration caused variation in the range of pore sizes.     

Synthesis of Sucrose 4′-(L-Arabinose-2-YL Phosphate) (Agrocinopihe A) Using an Arabinose 2-H-Phosphonate Intermediate

Abstract

The first completed chemical synthesis of Agrocinopine A (5) is presented. The key step in the synthesis was the pivaloyl chloride promoted condensation of a blocked arabinose 2-H-phosphonate derivative 3 with a protected sucrose derivative 1 having a free hydroxyl at 4′-OH. The resulting H-phosphonic acid diester was oxidised in situ with iodine to produce the corresponding phosphodiester 4, which was subsequently deblocked to give Agrocinopine A.