Generation of ynolates via reductive lithiation using flow microreactors

A new method has been developed for the generation and subsequent reaction of ynolates in a micro flow reactor system. This new procedure allowed for ynolates to be prepared at 0 °C or ambient temperature within 1 min via a reductive lithiation reaction, whereas the corresponding batch processes generally require low temperature control and extended reaction times of up to 1 h. The resulting ynolates were applied to the olefination of carbonyl compounds, with the reactions reaching completion in a much shorter reaction time in the continuous flow reactor than the batch reactor. These results highlight the practical utility of the ynolate reaction, and represent the first reported example of the use of lithium naphthalenide in a flow microreactor, which would contribute to progress of the flash chemistry.     

Radical Copolymerization of Vinylidene Chloride with 3(2-Methyl)-6-methylpyridazinone in Several Solvents

The radical copolymerization of vinylidene chloride (Vc, M₁) with 3(2-methyl)-6-methylpyridazinone (I, M₂) was carried out in benzene, ethanol, phenol, and acetic acid at 60 and 80°C. The monomer reactivity ratios were found to vary with the reaction conditions. The linear correlationships were obtained by plotting the values of log r₁ against those of ^V C[dbnd]O and ^V C[dbnd]C of monomers determined in the solvents.     

Growth of large La2−xSrxCuO4 single crystals using tilting-mirror-type infrared heating image furnace

Large single crystals of La_2−xSr_xCuO₄ (LSCO) high-T_c superconductors were grown by the infrared heating floating zone (IR-FZ) method using a tilting-mirror-type image furnace. The maximum diameter of the LSCO crystals increased to 10 mm in the tilting-mirror-type image furnace from 6 mm in the conventional image furnace. CuO rich feeds were required for the crystal growth using the tilting-mirror-type image furnace to compensate for the lack of CuO caused by the significant evaporation of CuO during the growth. The evaporation of CuO was affected by the tilting angle of the mirrors of the image furnace and by feed diameter. The optimized growth conditions were as follows: mirror tilting angle, 20°; feed diameter, 10 mm∅; and feed composition 50.7 mol% CuO.     

Nonlinear electromechanical fields and localized polarization switching of 1-3 piezoelectric/polymer composites

This paper examines the nonlinear electromechanical response of 1-3 piezoelectric/polymer composites. The piezocomposites contain square or circular piezoelectric rods in an epoxy matrix. Experiments were conducted to measure the displacement versus electric field curves, using the device specimen of the 1-3 piezocomposites. Three dimensional finite element analysis was also carried out to study the electromechanical fields in the 1-3 piezocomposites by introducing a model for polarization switching. Comparison was then made between simulation and experiment.     

Microstructure and magnetic property of electroless-plated CoNiFeB soft underlayer

An electroless-plated CoFeNiB film as a soft underlayer in perpendicular magnetic recording is studied by magneto-optical Kerr effect microscope, magnetic force microscopy (MFM), and transmission electron microscopy. A stray field is evidently suppressed for the anisotropic CoFeNiB film, which is under an applied field during the plating process. The lines of magnetic flux show that the Ni seed layer have no intrinsic effect on the homogenous magnetic state of the CoFeNiB layer. The interaction between a MFM tip and the CoFeNiB layer is clearly observed by electron holography indicating the excellent soft magnetic properties required by the soft underlayer.     

Algebraic study on the super-KP hierarchy and the ortho-symplectic super-KP hierarchy

Bilinear residue formulas are established for the super-KP hierarchy and the ortho-symplectic super-KP hierarchy. Furthermore, superframes corresponding to the ortho-symplectic super-KP hierarchy are completely characterized. Soliton solutions to the super-KP hierarchy are given.