An Introduction to Influence Theory: Kinematics and Dynamics

Influence theory is a foundational theory of physics that is not based on traditional empirically defined concepts, such as positions in space and time, mass, energy, or momentum. Instead, the aim is to derive these concepts, and their empirically determined relationships, from a more primitive model. It is postulated that there exist things, which are call particles, that influence one another in a discrete and directed fashion resulting in a partially ordered set of influence events. The problem of consistent quantification of the influence events is considered. Observers are modeled as particle chains (observer chains) as if an observer were able to track a particle and quantify the influence events that the particle experiences. From these quantified influence events, consistent quantification of the universe of events based on the observer chains is studied. Herein, the kinematics and dynamics of particles from the perspective of influence theory are both reviewed and further developed.     

Extremal generalized centralizers in matrix algebras

We describe matrices with extremal generalized centralizers over algebraically closed fields.     

Toward Functional Type III [Fe]‐Hydrogenase Biomimics for H2 Activation: Insights from Computation

The chemistry of [Fe]‐hydrogenase has attracted significant interest due to its ability to activate molecular hydrogen. The intriguing properties of this enzyme have prompted the synthesis of numerous small molecule mimics aimed at activating H₂. Despite considerable effort, a majority of these compounds remain nonfunctional for hydrogenation reactions. By using a recently synthesized model as an entry point, seven biomimetic complexes have been examined through DFT computations to probe the influence of ligand environment on the ability of a mimic to bind and split H₂. One mimic, featuring a bidentate diphosphine group incorporating an internal nitrogen base, was found to have particularly attractive energetics, prompting a study of the role played by the proton/hydride acceptor necessary to complete the catalytic cycle. Computations revealed an experimentally accessible energetic pathway involving a benzaldehyde proton/hydride acceptor and the most promising catalyst.     

Synchronized Esterification and Transesterification of Jatropha Curcas Using Ferric Sulfate Modified Snail Shells As a Bi-Functional Catalyst: A Box-Behken Optimization Approach

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - The study is focused on modelling and optimizing the process parameters on the production of biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas oil using achantinoidea shell...     

乙基苯胺的转动光谱及分子结构

本文使用傅里叶变换微波谱仪研究了乙基苯胺类物质(邻乙基苯胺，间乙基苯胺，对乙基苯胺)的分子结构. 由于此类分子含氮原子(I¹⁴N=1)，因此跃迁谱线中都呈现出核四级裂分. 通过比较实验测定得到的分子结构，可总结苯胺环上不同位置乙基的取代对氨基及分子整体结构的影响.     

Donor-Flexible Bis(pyridylidene amide) Ligands for Highly Efficient Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Oxidation

An exceptionally efficient ruthenium-based catalyst for olefin oxidation has been designed by exploiting N,N′-bis(pyridylidene)oxalamide (bisPYA) as a donor-flexible ligand. The dynamic donor ability of the bisPYA ligand, imparted by variable zwitterionic and neutral resonance structure contributions, paired with the redox activity of ruthenium provided catalytic activity for Lemieux–Johnson-type oxidative cleavage of olefins to efficiently prepare ketones and aldehydes. The ruthenium bisPYA complex significantly outperforms state-of-the-art systems and displays extraordinary catalytic activity in this oxidation, reaching turnover frequencies of 650 000 h⁻¹ and turnover numbers of several millions.