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This study proposes changes to the design and evaluation of the CO2 headspace test, which is used as a simple method for assessment of the complete biodegradability of surfactants. It presents a modified equation for the calculation of biodegradation. It is proposed that the solution of 7 mol L?1 sodium hydroxide commonly used in the process involving alkalinisation of the vial contents be replaced with 15 mol L?1 sodium hydroxide. The use of the higher hydroxide concentration leads to a significant reduction in the value of the blank CO2 headspace test.  相似文献   
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Monosaccharides are added to the hydrophilic face of a self‐assembled asymmetric FeII metallohelix, using CuAAC chemistry. The sixteen resulting architectures are water‐stable and optically pure, and exhibit improved antiproliferative selectivity against colon cancer cells (HCT116 p53+/+) with respect to the non‐cancerous ARPE‐19 cell line. While the most selective compound is a glucose‐appended enantiomer, its cellular entry is not mainly glucose transporter‐mediated. Glucose conjugation nevertheless increases nuclear delivery ca 2.5‐fold, and a non‐destructive interaction with DNA is indicated. Addition of the glucose units affects the binding orientation of the metallohelix to naked DNA, but does not substantially alter the overall affinity. In a mouse model, the glucose conjugated compound was far better tolerated, and tumour growth delays for the parent compound (2.6 d) were improved to 4.3 d; performance as good as cisplatin but with the advantage of no weight loss in the subjects.  相似文献   
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A series of novel nicotinonitrile derivatives were synthesized by hybridization with thiazole, pyrazole, and pyridine ring systems using 4-aminobenzohydrazide as link-bridge. The synthetic strategy of nicotinonitrile-thiazole analogues involves cyclization of the precursor N-phenyl thiosemicarbazide derivative 4 with chloroacetic acid and phenacyl bromide. The reaction of hydrazide 3 with acetylacetone and/or ethyl acetoacetate was applied as a synthetic route for accessing 2-((4-(pyrazole-1-carbonyl)phenyl)amino)-nicotinonitrile derivatives 9–10 . The 2-((4-(4-thiazolylidene-pyrazole-1-carbonyl)-phenyl)amino)nicotinonitriles 14–15 were obtained via a nucleophilic addition of pyrazolone 10 to phenyl isothiocyanate followed by cyclization with chloroacetone, phenacyl chloride, and/or ethyl bromoacetate. The 6-amino-4-aryl-3,5-dicyano-2-oxo-1-(4-substitutedbenzamido)-pyridines 19 were synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation N′-(2-cyanoacetyl)-benzohydrazide derivative 16 with substituted benzaldehydes followed by heating with malononitrile. All synthesized products were evaluated for their antioxidant potentialities using of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation delcolorization assay. The nicotinonitrile-thiazole hybrid 6b was found the most promising antioxidant agent with inhibition activity 86.27%.  相似文献   
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Research on Chemical Intermediates - An efficient, rapid, and environmentally benign Ni(II)-Schiff base/SBA-15-catalyzed one-pot three-component cyclocondensation process was described via the...  相似文献   
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We establish the asymptotic limit of the compressible Navier–Stokes system in the regime of low Mach and high Reynolds number on unbounded spatial domains with slip boundary condition. The result holds in the class of suitable weak solutions satisfying a relative entropy inequality.  相似文献   
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There is evidence indicating that the cellular locus of PDT action by amphiphilic sensitizers are the cellular membranes. The photosensitization process causes oxidative damage to membrane components that can result in the cell's death. However, it was not yet established whether lipid oxidation can cause free passage of molecules through the membrane and, as a result, be the primary cause of the cell's death. In this work, we studied the effect of liposomes' lipid composition on the kinetics of the leakage of three fluorescent dyes, calcein, carboxyfluorescein and DTAF, which were trapped in the intraliposomal aqueous phase, after photosensitization with the photosensitizer deuteroporphyrin. We found that as the degree of fatty acid unsaturation increased, the photosensitized passage of these molecules through the lipid bilayer increased. We also found that the rate of leakage of these molecules was affected by their size and bulkiness as well as by their net electric charge. In liposomes that are composed of a lipid mixture similar to that of natural membranes, the observed passage of molecules through the membrane is slow. Thus, the photodynamic damage to lipids does not appear to be severe enough to be an immediate, primary cause of cell death in biological photosensitization.  相似文献   
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6-Allyloxypurines readily undergo palladium-catalysed Claisen rearrangement under mild conditions affording N 1-substituted hypoxanthines. In contrast with the previously reported protocol, the Claisen rearrangement can be performed using Pd(PPh3)4 or Pd(dba)2/dppf in dry THF at 60°C. The reaction can accommodate variously substituted allyl fragments to position N 1 of the hypoxanthine skeleton with high yields. Retention of the double bond configuration during rearrangement was observed.  相似文献   
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