Solubility and Ionic Processes in the Cu X 2? MX ?H2O ( X ?=Cl?, Br?; M +=Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, Cs+) Systems

Summary.  Solubility isotherms in the CuBr₂−MBr−H₂O (M ⁺ = Li⁺, Na⁺, Cs⁺) systems at 298.15 K were measured. The results together with other available literature data for copper chloride and bromide systems were treated by hydration analysis, and comparative discussion of ionic processes taking place in the respective saturated solutions was performed. Corresponding author. E-mail: jitka@prfdec.natur.cuni.cz Received August 6, 2002; accepted (revised) November 29, 2002 Published online April 3, 2003     

Photodynamic activity of dibiotinylated aluminum sulfophthalocyanine in vitro and in vivo

The photodynamic activity of dibiotinylated aluminum sulfophthalocyanine was studied in vitro and in vivo. Dibiotinylated aluminum sulfophthalocyanine provided enhanced phototoxic action on OAT-75 cell monolayers as compared with the parent drug. Photodynamic therapy of mice with Ehrlich carcinoma using dibiotinylated aluminum sulfophthalocyanine (0.25 mg/kg) resulted in enhanced inhibition of tumor growth, pronounced vascular damage (thrombosis and destruction of vascular walls) and eventual tumor necrosis.     

Solubility and Ionic Processes in the Cu X 2? MX ?H2O ( X ?=Cl?, Br?; M +=Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, Cs+) Systems

 Solubility isotherms in the CuBr₂−MBr−H₂O (M ⁺ = Li⁺, Na⁺, Cs⁺) systems at 298.15 K were measured. The results together with other available literature data for copper chloride and bromide systems were treated by hydration analysis, and comparative discussion of ionic processes taking place in the respective saturated solutions was performed.     

Anion influence on the solution-solid phase equilibria in the MX<Subscript>2</Subscript>-NEt<Subscript>4</Subscript>X-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O systems (M = Cd,Cu, Co; X = Cl,Br) at 25°C

Solubility of the ternary systems M-NEt₄Cl-H₂O (M = Cd, Cu, Co) at 25°C was determined by the method of isothermal saturation. Compositions and fields of crystallization of solid compounds in equilibrium with a liquid phase were determined. Changes in the processes of hydration, association of tetraethyl ammonium salts, and acido-complex formation of d-element ions on the replacement of a halide anion affect the solution-solid phase equilibria in the studied systems.     

Structure of complex bromides crystallizing in MBr<Subscript>2</Subscript>-NEt<Subscript>4</Subscript>Br-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O systems (M = Cd,Cu, Co) at 25°C

The crystalline structures of four tetraethylammonium salts, [Et₄N]CdBrP₃, [Et₄N]Cd₂Br₅, [Et₄N]₂CoBr₄, and [Et₄N]₂CuBr₄ were determined by X-ray analysis of their single crystals. The CdBr _x ^{2 − x} anions in the examined salts are linked to polymeric chains, and the coordination number of cadmium ion is 5 or 6. The d-metal ion in the copper and cobalt complexes has tetrahedral configuration, and the corresponding anions are discrete.     

Spherical particle Brownian motion in viscous medium as non-Markovian random process

The Brownian motion of a spherical particle in an infinite medium is described by the conventional methods and integral transforms considering the entrainment of surrounding particles of the medium by the Brownian particle. It is demonstrated that fluctuations of the Brownian particle velocity represent a non-Markovian random process. The features of Brownian motion in short time intervals and in small displacements are considered.     

COMPACT DIFFERENCE SCHEMES FOR THE DIFFUSION AND SCHRODINGER EQUATIONS. APPROXIMATION,STABILITY, CONVERGENCE,EFFECTIVENESS, MONOTONY

Various compact difference schemes （both old and new, explicit and implicit, one-level and two-level）, which approximate the diffusion equation and SchrSdinger equation with periodical boundary conditions are constructed by means of the general approach. The results of numerical experiments for various initial data and right hand side are presented. We evaluate the real order of their convergence, as well as their stability, effectiveness, and various kinds of monotony. The optimal Courant number depends on the number of grid knots and on the smoothness of solutions. The competition of various schemes should be organized for the fixed number of arithmetic operations, which are necessary for numerical integration of a given Cauchy problem. This approach to the construction of compact schemes can be developed for numerical solution of various problems of mathematical physics.