Radioaktive Untersuchungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Micellar-catalyzed reactions for flow-injection systems : Determination of pyridoxal

The advantages of applying the solubilization and catalytic properties of aqueous micelle solutions to reactions taking place in flow-injection systems are demonstrated. The reaction of pyridoxal (a B₆ vitamin) with cyanide was investigated in both aqueous and micellar cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution. Higher sensitivities and lower limits of detection were obtained for the micellar carrier, with the pseudo-first-order reaction rate increasing by a factor of two in 0.05 M CTAB relative to water carrier. Because the micellar aggregates also increase fluorescence quantum yields, use of fluorescence detection gave further signal enhancement, with the limit of detection lowered by a factor of three. Measurement of dispersion in the two systems was also investigated and compared. A new method of characterizing dispersion in flow-injection systems, based on moment analysis of exponentially modified Gaussian peak shapes, is described.     

Homegrown strain-gage transducers

Small errors commonly encountered in experimental stress analysis are often unacceptably large when building strain-gage transducers—even crude ones. Fortunately, the procedures necessary to remove the errors are simple. The steps are discussed in detail and examples given. These compensation techniques can also be useful in strain-measuring applications under certain circumstances. Also discussed briefly is the effect of instrument circuits on transducer performance.     

Amperometric detection for liquid chromatographic separation of polynuclear hydrocarbons

Oxidative electrochemical detection is used for liquid chromatographic separation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's). The amperometric response is shown to be dependent on the working potential, ionic strength, flow rate, pH, temperature and pretreatment of the glassy carbon electrode surface. These experimental factors were optimized by choosing the maximum signal-to-noise ratio for anthracene and benz(a)-anthracene. The figures of merit (sensitivity, limit of detection and linear dynamic range) of six PAH's are reported and compared with ultraviolet absorption detection. Varying the applied potential gives the capability for selective detection.     

On Minimal Extensions of Rings

Given two rings R ? S, S is said to be a minimal ring extension of R, if R is a maximal subring of S. In this article, we study minimal extensions of an arbitrary ring R, with particular focus on those possessing nonzero ideals that intersect R trivially. We will also classify the minimal ring extensions of prime rings, generalizing results of Dobbs, Dobbs &; Shapiro, and Ferrand &; Olivier, on commutative minimal extensions.     

Observability of quantum phase fluctuations in cuprate superconductors

We study the order parameter phase fluctuation effects in cuprate superconductors near T = 0, using a quasi-two-dimensional d-wave BCS model. An effective phason theory is obtained which is used to estimate the strength of the fluctuations, the fluctuation correction to the in-plane penetration depth, and the pair-field susceptibility. We find that, while the phase fluctuation effects are difficult to observe in the renormalization of the superfluid phase stiffness, they may be observed in a pair tunneling experiment which measures the pair-field susceptibility.     

Vortex lattice structural transitions: a Ginzburg-Landau model approach

We analyze the rhombic to square vortex lattice phase transition in anisotropic superconductors using a variant of Ginzburg-Landau theory. The mean-field phase diagram is determined to second order in the anisotropy parameter, and shows a reorientation transition of the square vortex lattice with respect to the crystal lattice. We then derive the long-wavelength elastic moduli of the lattices, and use them to show that thermal fluctuations produce a reentrant rhombic to square lattice transition line, similar to recent studies which used a nonlocal London model.