Study of the peak effect phenomenon in single crystals of 2H-NbSe2

The weakly pinned single crystals of the hexagonal 2H-NbSe₂ compound have emerged as prototypes for determining and characterizing the phase boundaries of the possible order-disorder transformations in the vortex matter. We present here a status report based on the ac and dc magnetization measurements of the peak effect phenomenon in three crystals of 2H-NbSe₂, in which the critical current densities vary over two orders of magnitude. We sketch the generic vortex phase diagram of a weakly pinned superconductor, which also utilizes theoretical proposals. We also establish the connection between the metastability effects and pinning.     

Tridentate Schiff base and 4,4′-bipyridine coordinated di/polynuclear Cu (II) complexes: Synthesis,crystal structure,DNA/protein binding and catecholase activity

4,4′-bipyridine bridged two Cu (II) complexes, [Cu₂L¹₂(4,4′-bipy)(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂ ( 1 ) and [Cu₂L²₂(4,4′-bipy)]_n·(2H₂O)_n ( 2 ) (where, HL¹ = 2-[(3-methylamino-propylimino)-methyl]-phenol, H₂L² = 3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-amino]-propionic acid, and 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal structure determination, mass spectrometry, FT-IR, electronic absorption, and emission spectroscopy. Complex 1 is dinuclear cationic compound and counter balanced by perchlorate anion, whereas complex 2 possesses 1D poly-nuclear structure. Both the complexes crystallize in monoclinic system with P2₁/c space group and the copper centers possess square pyramidal geometry. H-bonding, C-H···π, π···π interactions results the formation of two dimentional supramolecular structure for both the complexes. Interactions of complexes with bovine serum albumins (BSA) and human serum albumins (HSA) have been studied by using electronic absorption and emission spectroscopic technique. The calculated values of binding constants (K_b) are (9.22 ± 0.26) × 10⁵ L mol⁻¹ ( 1 -BSA), (7.19 ± 0.16) × 10⁵ L mol⁻¹ ( 1 -HSA), (5.05 ± 0.20) × 10⁵ L mol⁻¹ ( 2 -BSA) and (3.56 ± 0.25) × 10⁵ L mol⁻¹ ( 2 -HSA). The mechanism of serum albumins-complex interactions have been investigated by fluorescence lifetime measurement. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies indicate that both the complexes interact with calf thymas-DNA. Catecholase activity of the complexes has been studied in methanol using 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (3,5-DTBC) as substrate and the result show that both the complexes are active for catalytic oxidation of 3,5-DTBC to 3,5-di-tert-butylquinone (3,5-DTBQ) in presence of molecular oxygen. Calculated values of turnover numbers are 71.81 ± 1.04 h⁻¹ and 69.45 ± 0.74 h⁻¹ for 1 and 2 , respectively.     

TRANSITION METAL,NON-METAL CARBONYL CLUSTRS AS SUPPORTS FOR UNUSUAL ACETYLIDE REACTIVITY

Group 16 elements serve as useful bridging and stabilising single atom ligands in mixed-metal carbonyl complexes and impart unusual reactivity on coordinated acetylenic moieties. Reactions of [Fe ₃ (CO) ₉ (μ ₃ -E) ₂ ] (E = S, or Se) with mononuclear acetylide complexes, [CpM(CO)_3-x(CCR)] (M = Mo or W, x = 0, R = Ph; M = Fe, x = 1, R = Ph or ferrocenyl) under facile conditions yield complexes featuring acetylide coupling, acetylide-flip and formation of oxo and acetylide-bridged complexes. In presence of free acetylenes, unusual ligand systems arising from C─S bond formation are observed and under certain conditions, formation of quinones by coupling of acetylenes with carbon monoxide is facilitated.     

Pharmacophore modelling,molecular docking and virtual screening for EGFR (HER 1) tyrosine kinase inhibitors

A pharmacophore model has been developed using diverse classes of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors useful in the treatment of human tumours. Among the top 10 generated hypotheses, the second hypothesis, with one hydrogen bond acceptor, one ring aromatic and three hydrophobic features, was found to be the best on the basis of Cat Scramble validation as well as test set prediction (r _training?=?0.89, r _test?=?0.82). The model also maps well to the external test set molecules as well as clinically active molecules and corroborates the docking studies. Finally, 10 hits were identified as potential leads after virtual screening of ZINC database for EGFR TK inhibition. The study may facilitate the designing and discovery of novel EGFR TK inhibitors.     

Simple and Advantageneous Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)-Allyl Phosphonates Starting from Baylis–Hillman Adducts

Baylis–Hillman adducts 3-hydroxyl-2-methylene alkanoates have been converted in one pot into the corresponding (Z)-allyl phosphonates by treatment with FeCl₃ and trialkyl phosphites in toluene under reflux. The products are formed in excellent yields (88–98%) within 1–1.5 h. The process is highly convenient and efficient, cost-effective, and remarkably stereoselective.     

A concise synthesis of 2-benzoyl-1-indanones and 1-indanones from 2-aryl-1-tetralones

Abstract

Methyl-2-(3-oxo-3-aryl) benzoates derived from acid catalyzed air oxidative fragmentation of 2-aryl-1-tetralones were efficiently undergone intramolecular-Claisen condensation in the presence of potassium tertiary butoxide. The resulting 2-benzoyl-1-indanones formed in two-step ring contractions were further subjected to indium triflate mediated retro-Claisen condensation to get 1-indanones.     

Metal‐like Ductility in Organic Plastic Crystals: Role of Molecular Shape and Dihydrogen Bonding Interactions in Aminoboranes

Ductility is a common phenomenon in many metals but is difficult to achieve in molecular crystals. Organic crystals bend plastically on one or two face‐specific directions but fracture when stressed in any other arbitrary directions. An exceptional metal‐like ductility and malleability in the isomorphous crystals of two globular molecules, BH₃NMe₃ and BF₃NMe₃, is reported, with characteristic tensile stretching, compression, twisting, and thinning. The mechanically deformed samples, which transition to lower symmetry phases, retain good long‐range order amenable to structure determination by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Molecules in these high‐symmetry crystals interact through electrostatic forces (B^??N⁺) to form columnar structures with multiple slip planes and weak dispersive forces between columns. On the other hand, the limited number of facile slip planes and strong dihydrogen bonding in BH₃NHMe₂ negates ductility. Our study has implications for the design of soft ferroelectrics, solid electrolytes, barocalorics, and soft robotics.     

Two valued measure and some new double sequence spaces in 2-normed spaces

The purpose of this paper is to introduce some new generalized double difference sequence spaces using summability with respect to a two valued measure and an Orlicz function in 2-normed spaces which have unique non-linear structure and to examine some of their properties. This approach has not been used in any context before.