Structure of norbornene-fused 3,1-oxazine double cycloadducts

Pentacyclic isoxazolines were obtained by the cycloaddition of benzonitrile oxide to norbornene-azetidinone-fused 3,1-oxazines. The constitutions of two of the isomers obtained, and the configurations and conformations of all products, were determined by means of ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and DNOE experiments.     

Semi-implicit complementary volume scheme for solving level set like equations in image processing and curve evolution

Summary. We introduce linear semi-implicit complementary volume numerical scheme for solving level set like nonlinear degenerate diffusion equations arising in image processing and curve evolution problems. We study discretization of image selective smoothing equation of mean curvature flow type given by Alvarez, Lions and Morel ([3]). Solution of the level set equation of Osher and Sethian ([26], \[30]) is also included in the study. We prove and estimates for the proposed scheme and give existence of its (generalized) solution in every discrete time-scale step. Efficiency of the scheme is given by its linearity and stability. Preconditioned iterative solvers are used for computing arising linear systems. We present computational results related to image processing and plane curve evolution. Received April 25, 2000 / Revised version received June 11, 2001 / Published online November 15, 2001     

Proper holomorphic maps between Reinhardt domains and strictly pseudoconvex domains

LetR be a Reinhardt domain andD a bounded simply connected strictly pseudoconvex domain withC ^∞ boundary. We prove that any proper holomorphic mapF:R →D is, up to biholomorphism ofD, of the form \((z_1^{d_1 } , z_2^{d_2 } , \ldots , z_n^{d_n } )\) withd ₁,d ₂,…,d _n ∈ IN.     

The preparation of 4-oxo-N-aryl-4H-1-benzopyran-2-acetamides by the condensation/cyclization of trilithiated acetoacetanilides with lithiated methyl salicylates

Several acetoacetanilides were trilithiated in excess lithium diisopropylamide, and the resulting polylithiated intermediates were regioselectively condensed with lithiated methyl salicylates followed by acid cyclization to substituted 4-oxo-N-aryl-4H-1-benzopyran-2-acetamides (benzopyranone-2-acetamides).     

HPLC determination of 2-furaldehyde and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde in alcoholic beverages

A method for the determination of 2-furaldehyde (F) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) in alcoholic beverages by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. A C-18 column and an acetonitrile-water mobile phase with isocratic elution were used. UV detection at 280 nm was carried out. The method was validated according to the EURACHEM guidelines. The procedure offers a high specificity and detection limits of the order of 0.005 μg mL^− 1. Recoveries of 94-103% were obtained from spiked samples at different levels with both analytes. Intermediate precision calculated for a period of 2 months was + 0.8% for HMF and + 0.4% for F. The method was applied to the analysis of alcoholic beverages like bourbon, rum, brandy, liquors and aperitif wines.     

Thermal properties of some complexes of quinolinic acid with divalent metal ions

Studies of the complexes of pyridinecarboxylic acids with divalent metal ions as a function of the position of the carboxyl groups were extended. The thermal properties of the complexes of quinoline acid (pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) with several divalent metal ions were determined by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). A correlation between these compounds and others obtained by reaction between the studied metal ions with similar acids (lutidinic acid (pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid) and isocinchomeronic acid (pyridine-2,5-di-carboxylic acid) is discussed in terms of the position of the carboxyl group far from the aza group. The thermal stability of the metal complexes is in the order Mn(II) > Fe(II) > Zn(II) ? Co(II) > Ni(II) > Cu(II).     

5-vinylisoxazole

Cycloaddition of fulminic acid to 1-butyn-3-ol gave a mixture of 5-α-hydroxyethylisoxazole (I) and 4-α-hydroxyethylisoxazole (II) in the ratio 9:1. By the dehydration of 1, 5-vinylisoxazole (III) was obtained. Compound III has also been prepared by cyclization of 4-penten-2-ynal as well as its diethylacetal with hydroxylamine hydrochloride; in both instances no isomers have been obtained. Compound III spontaneously polymerizes even at room temperature yielding a polymer still containing isoxazole rings.     

Synthesis of some 4-substituted-2-(o-halogenophenyl)-1,2,3-triazoles

Mesoaldehyde 1,3-dioxime was treated with either 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl- (a), o-fluorophenyl- (b), or o-bromophenyl- (c) hydrazine to give the corresponding mesoaldehyde 1,3-dioxime-2-halogenophenylhydrazones (1a,b,c). The latter were O-acetylated with acetic anhydride, and cyclized to triazole 4-oximes (3b, c) or triazole 4-O-acetyloximes ( 6a,b,c ) with cesium carbonate, then converted to nitriles ( 7a,b,c ) by refluxing with acetic anhydride followed by pyrolysis, or to aldehydes ( 4a,b,c ) by hydrolysis. The nitriles ( 7a,b,c ) were also converted to acids ( 9a,b,c ), esters ( 10a,b,c ), amides ( 8a,c ), an alcohol (11a), and an amine ( 12a ). In addition, tetrazoles of two types were prepared. The first ( 13d,e ) were obtained from the acid chlorides by the action of 5-aminotetrazole, whereas the second ( 14f ) was produced from the respective nitrile by the action of ammonium azide.