锤头状Ribozyme在修饰核苷酸ψ3′侧的定点剪切

现有知识所知道的锤头状Ribozyme结构中,剪切是在特殊位点的3′侧发生,我们将含GTΨ的酵母丙氨酸tRNA 3′半分子(40聚)作为底物,按Haseloff-Gerlach锤头结构模型设计了一个38聚的Ribozyme分子。在镁离子存在的条件下,GTΨ的3′侧发生预期的体外剪切反应。反应的米氏动力学参数为:K_m:6.7μmol/L,k_(cat):3.4×10~(-3)/min。与此同时,合成了一个17聚的底物类似物,仅以GUU代替上述的GTΨ序列。恒态动力学分析表明,两底物的K_m值大致相同,但k_(cat)值相差达294倍。实验表明,修饰核苷酸Ψ可以是Ribozyme锤头结构中的剪切位点,但具有很低的k_(cat)。     

快速蛋白质液相色谱法分离鉴定脱氧寡核苷酸片段

由机器合成的反义核酸药物需要有效的纯度鉴定方法。用ＭＯＮＯ Ｑ柱在ｐＨ１２时以ＮａＣｌ的浓度梯度洗脱,可将１９至２１Ｎｔｓ的小片段寡核苷酸很好分开,因此快速蛋白质液相色谱法可用来分离鉴定反义核酸药物。     

修饰核苷酸的生物功能——Ⅱ.酵母tRNA~(Ala)类似物(A_(34)或G_(34)代替I_(34))的合成及生物活性

酵母tRNA~(Ala)的5′-半分子类似物(A_(34)或G_(34)代替I_(34))与3′-半分子在T_4 RNA连接酶催化下连接成酵母tRNA~(Ala)类似物(A_(34)或G_(34)代替I_(34))的整分子。合成的酵母tRNA~(Ala)类似物,在凝胶电泳上具有与天然酵母tRNA~(Ala)相同长度位置,其纯度为95％左右,连接点、末端分析都是对的。测定了这类似物的生物活力,即在大鼠肝氨酰基tRNA合成酶的催化下,接受丙氨酸的能力与天然重组的酵母tRNA~(Ala)没有明显变化,而在兔网织细胞裂解液体系中能将所携带的丙氨酸参入到蛋白质中去的能力,A_(34)代替I_(34)的只有天然或天然重组酵母tRNA~(Ala)的1/3,而G_(34)代替I_(34)的为90％左右。着重讨论了A或G代替I_(34)后,参入活力变化不同的原因。     

tRNA分子中修饰核苷酸的生物功能——Ⅲ.酵母tRNA类似物(A_(37),G_(37)或C_(37)代替m~1I_(37))的合成及生物活性

本文报道用牛脾磷酸二酯酶在控制条件下制备了去除37位m~(?)I的酵母丙氨酸tRNA3′-半分子(38—76核苷酸)。合成了由普通碱基A,G或C代替m~(?)I_(37)的酵母丙氨酸tRNA类似物。并测定了这些类似物的生物活性,结果表明与天然的酵母丙氨酸tRNA相比,这些类似物在鼠肝tRNA合成酶系统中接受丙氮酸的活力不受影响,而在兔网织蛋白质合成系统中携带丙氨酸参入蛋白质的活力却下降为天然tRNA的20—30％,对上述结果及牛脾磷酸二酯酶的作用条件进行了讨论。     

BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF MODIFIED NUCLEOTIDES IN tRNA MOLECULES (Ⅲ)——SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ANALOGS OF YEAST ALANYL tRNA WITH m~1I_(37) REPLACED BY A, G OR C

A thirty-nine nucleotide fragment (nucleotides 38—76) of yeast alanyl tRNA was prepared by using calf spleen phosphodiesterase to delete C_(36)m~1I_(37) from the 3′-half molecule of this tRNA under controlled conditions. Analogs of yeast alanyl tRNA with A, G or C instead of m~1I_(37) were synthesized and their biological activities determined. The results indicated that the aminoacylation activity of these analogs was not affected in the rat liver aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase system, compared with natural yeast alanyl tRNA. However, the incorporation activity (i. e. the activity of transferring alanine into proteins) of these analogs was significantly reduced to 20—30% of that of natural yeast alanyl tRNA in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free protein synthesizing system.     

BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF MODIFIED NUCLEOTIDES IN tRNA MOLECULES——SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE ANALOGUES OF YEAST ALANYL tRNA WITH I_(34) REPLACED BY A_(34) OR G_(34)

Analogues of yeast alanyl tRNA with I_(34) replaced by A_(34) or G_(34) were synthesized. Synthetic analoguesof yeast alanyl tRNT occupy the same position as the natural yeast alanyl tRNA on polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis, and their purity is about 95% after electrophoresis on a 10% or 20% polyacrylamide gel.The two terminal and nearest neighbour nucleotides of the analogues are all correct. The accepting acti-vity of the synthetic analogues is similar to that of the reconstituted natural yeast alanyl tRNA. The in-corporation activity of alanine into proteins of the synthetic analogues is about 30% of that of the naturalof reconstituted natural yeast alanyl tRNA when I_(34) is replaced by A, and is 90% when I_(34) is replaced byG.The reason of the variation in biological function of the analogues of yeast alanyl tRNA after I_(34) re-placed by A or G was discussed.     

毛细管电泳技术分析水稻中的总核糖核酸

 通过高温干烤和焦碳酸二乙酯 (DEPC)两种技术除去核糖核酸 (RNA)酶 ,在保证RNA的稳定性的情况下 ,在1.0 %T ,0 %C的线性聚丙烯酰胺 (即丙烯酰胺和双丙烯酰胺的总质量分数是 1.0 % ,交联度为 0 % )筛分介质中 ,利用无胶筛分毛细管电泳技术对水稻中的总RNA进行了分析 ,整个分析过程在 15min内完成。利用 5 .0 %T ,0 %C线性聚丙烯酰胺筛分介质 ,对水稻中的转移RNA(tRNA)进行了较为详细的分析 ,在 30min内可将tRNA分为两组共 9个峰。该方法可用于植物中RNA的分析 ,具有快速、准确的特点。     

毛细管电泳技术分析PDGF-B基因启动子与蛋白质的复合物

 利用 1.0 %T ,0 %C的线性聚丙烯酰胺 (即丙烯酰胺和双丙烯酰胺的总质量分数是 1.0 % ,交联度为 0 % )作为筛分介质 ,对人体血小板长生因子 (PDGF) B基因启动子与核蛋白形成的复合物进行了分析。结果显示主要有两种核蛋白与PDGF B基因启动子具有较强的结合能力 ,能形成DNA蛋白质复合物。所得结论与传统凝胶电泳相似。该方法具有较高的分离度和良好的重现性 ,整个分析可在 5 0min内完成。该方法不失为一种基于PDGF为研究目标、用于PDGF与蛋白质复合物形成及抑制行为分析的快速、准确的实用方法。