不同阴离子插层双金属氢氧化物的制备及摩擦学性能研究

本研究中利用尿素分解法、盐酸–氯化钠混合溶液法及离子交换法得到了一系列不同阴离子插层的层状双金属氢氧化物(Co-Al LDH)材料,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪及扫描电子显微镜对它们的化学组成、晶体结构及颗粒形貌进行了分析表征.利用SRV-1型微动摩擦试验机对含有不同阴离子插层LDH的PAO-8润滑油(质量分数为0.1%)的摩擦学性能进行了研究,证明LDH材料的少量添加即可显著提高PAO-8在高载荷(150 N)下的摩擦学性能,同时也发现插层阴离子的种类对LDH摩擦学性能的影响具有明显差异性.     

Nano-tribological study on a super-hydrophobic film formed on rough aluminium substrates

A novel super-hydrophobic stearic acid (STA) film with a water contact angle of 166^o was prepared by chemical adsorption on aluminum wafer coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) film. The micro-tribological behavior of the super-hydrophobic STA monolayer was compared with that of the polished and PEI-coated Al surfaces. The effect of relative humidity on the adhesion and friction was investigated as well. It was found that the STA monolayer showed decreased friction, while the adhesive force was greatly decreased by increasing the surface roughness of the Al wafer to reduce the contact area between the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and the sample surface to be tested. Thus the friction and adhesion of the Al wafer was effectively decreased by generating the STA monolayer, which indicated that it could be feasible and rational to prepare a surface with good adhesion resistance and lubricity by properly controlling the surface morphology and the chemical composition. Both the adhesion and friction decreased as the relative humidity was lowered from 65% to 10%, though the decrease extent became insignificant for the STA monolayer. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50375151, 50323007, 10225209) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX-SW-L2)     

尖晶石型NiCr2O4的燃烧法合成及表征

通过溶胶-凝胶燃烧法制备了具有立方相的尖晶石型NiCr2O4颜料,并采用TG/DSC、XRD、FTIR和SEM等手段对其进行表征和研究。结果表明:将燃烧后的粉末于900℃下煅烧2 h可以得到单一相的NiCr2O4,温度达不到900℃时所得粉末(包括燃烧后粉末和500和700℃煅烧得到的粉末)为NiO和Cr2O3组成的混合物。利用紫外/可见/近红外分光光度计仔细研究了燃烧后粉末和煅烧后粉末的颜色参数。尽管具有相同的成分,500和700℃下煅烧得到的粉末与燃烧后粉末却具有明显不同的颜色,这可从一氧化镍为非整比化合物的角度加以解释。此外,900和1 000℃下煅烧得到的NiCr2O4粉末呈现出随温度变化的绿色。     

MOSi2及其复合材料摩擦学性能研究

通过热压烧结制备了MoSi2及3种MoSi2基复合材料，考察了其相组成和结构，测定了其硬度和断裂韧性，评价了其摩擦磨损行为，并探讨了力学性能、摩擦界面特性和偶件材料特性等对MoSi2及其复合材料摩擦学行为的影响．结果表明：MoSi2同GCrl5钢和WC-Co硬质合金配副时表现出较高的摩擦系数，其磨损强烈依赖于偶件材料特性；第二相的引入对MoSi2的磨损行为具有显著影响，其中SiC第二相可以改善MoSi2的摩擦磨损性能；摩擦界面特性和偶件材料特性则对MoSi2及其复合材料的摩擦磨损性能具有决定性影响．     

绿色润滑油的发展概况

概述了绿色润滑油的发展状况,阐述了绿色润滑油的含义,阐述了绿色润滑油的含义,介绍了生物降解试验方法,通过对绿色润滑油基础油及基适用的添加剂的综述,提出了绿色润滑油发展过程中存在的主要问题,并对将来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

ZrO_2/rGO多层复合薄膜的构筑及其摩擦学性能研究

将层层自组装(LBL)技术与原位还原过程相结合在单晶硅片表面成功构筑了与基底结合牢固、性能优异的氧化锆/还原氧化石墨烯(ZrO2/rGO)多层纳米复合薄膜.试验中,引入了具有强附着性和还原性的物质-多巴胺,使得氧化石墨烯(GO)片的表面锚固和原位还原可以一步完成.另外,ZrO2粒子的表面组装通过简单、温和的溶液沉积过程来实现.结果证明:复合薄膜中rGO和ZrO2的引入以及多层结构的构筑赋予复合薄膜许多优异的性能.在不进行热处理的情况下,所构筑的ZrO2/rGO多层薄膜表现出优异的力学性能(硬度:11.54 GPa)和摩擦学性能(摩擦系数:0.12~0.17),可作为减摩抗磨涂层被用于微/纳机电系统(MEMS/NEMS)的表面保护和其他领域.     

七氟丁酸酐有序超薄膜的制备与结构

在涂敷有聚合物PEI涂层的单晶硅表面上制备了HFBA单层分子膜,接触解测量及XPS结果表明,PFBA在PEI表面产生了化学吸附发生了化学键合(酰胺键),形成了低表面能的HFBA单分子层膜,这一吸附反应的动力学行为可能表现为Langmuir单分子层化学吸附。     

聚乙酰亚胺涂敷单晶硅表面上全氟亏酸单层膜

Ultra-thin film of perfluorodecanoic acid expected to be excellent lubricant for micro-machines was prepared successfully on single crystal silicon substrate.The film was characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact-angle meter.The chemical reaction involved in the preparation of the ultra-thin film was discussed as well.After being immersed in a dilute aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine (PEI) for 15 minutes and rinsed with distilled water,the silicon substrate was coated with a thin film of PEI,which was then put into a dilute solution (1× 10－ 3 mol· L－ 1) of perfluorodecanoic acid in hexadecane.Subsequently the steady perfluorodecanoic acid ultra-thin film was developed on PEI coating in the presence of a covalent amide bond between carboxylic group and the primary or secondary amine groups of PEI.This process was accompanied by the contact angle changes of water droplet on the Si surface (see Table 1).Moreover,the reaction between perfluorodecanoic acid and PEI was significantly influenced by N,N′ -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD).The contact angle on the ultra-thin film of perfluorodecanoic acid is only 66.3° in the absence of DCCD in the reacting solution; it rises to 89.4° in the presence of DCCD.This indicates that the reaction between perfluorodecanoic acid and PEI was accelerated by DCCD,and the quality of perfluorodecanoic acid ultra-thin film thus improved.XPS analysis of the ultra-thin film indicates that the derivatization of PEI with perfluorodecanoic acid was accompanied by several changes.First,a large and highly symmetrical F 1s peak appeared at 688.3 eV (C－ F*).Secondly,a new peak of N 1s appeared at 400.7 eV (chemical shift 1.4 eV),which was attributed to the N atom attached to the carbonyl group (O=C－ N*).Thirdly,three new peaks of C 1s appeared at 286.1 eV (chemical shift 1.5 eV),288.1 eV (chemical shift 3.5 eV),and 291.0 eV (chemical shift 5.4 eV),respectively.These C 1s peaks were attributed to the C atom attached to the O=C－ N group (O=C－ N－ C*),the carboxyl C atom (O=C*－ N),and the C atom in － CF3 group (C*－ F),respectively.Therefore it can be concluded that perfluorodecanoic acid has been chemically adsorbed onto the surface of PEI and perfluorodecanoic acid ultra-thin film prepared successfully.     

Ti3SiC2、不锈钢和NiCr合金在人工海水中的摩擦学性能

在SRV-1型摩擦磨损试验机上考察了Ti3SiC2、NiCr合金和不锈钢在干摩擦、蒸馏水和人工海水中的摩擦磨损性能,并用扫描电镜(SEM-EDS)及光电子能谱(XPS)对磨痕形貌及成分进行分析.结果表明:Ti3SiC2/Al2O3摩擦副的摩擦系数对摩擦条件变化不敏感,在液体介质中磨损稍有降低.3种摩擦条件下存在机械磨损和摩擦氧化磨损竞争,但机械磨损始终为主要磨损机制,因此摩擦和磨损较大.不锈钢/Al2O3和NiCr合金/Al2O3两摩擦副对摩擦条件变化较敏感,摩擦系数和磨损率在于摩擦、蒸馏水和海水中依次降低,其中NiCr合金降低幅度最大.干摩擦条件下两者以机械磨损为主要磨损机制,表现为黏着磨损和材料转移；蒸馏水中机械磨损和摩擦氧化磨损并存；海水中以腐蚀磨损为主导,腐蚀产物FeCl2、CrCl3或CrO22-或CrO2-等具有减摩抗磨作用.     

含有偶氮苯单体的肽核酸寡聚体自组装膜电化学传感器在DNA序列检测方面的应用

利用自组装技术首次将含有偶氮苯单体的肽核酸寡聚体（NH2-TNT4,N-PNAs）与DNA的杂交体（N-PNAs／DNA）定在金电极表面。以[Fe（CN）6]^4-／3-氧化还原电对为探针,利用循环伏安法、示差脉冲伏安法和电化学阻抗谱初步研究了N-PNAs修饰的金电极以及与DNA形成的杂交体在紫外光照射前后体系的电化学行为。结果表明,伴随着紫外光照射时间的增加,氧化还原电流减小,电子在电极表面的传输能力下降,据此可以推断PNAs／DNA杂交体的构象发生了转变,证明可以通过紫外光的照射来调节PNAs／DNA杂交体的结构。