STUDY ON THE FUNCTIONAL SITES OF Mg~(2+) -INDUCED Chl α FLUORESCENCE AND SURFACE CHARGE CHANGES OF THYLAKOID MEMBRANES

Thylakoid polypeptide components, Mg~(2+) -induced Chl a fluorescence at 77K and surface chargechanges were measured to investigate the functional sites of Mg~(2+) in the regulation of energy distri-bution between two photosystems in completely and incompletely developed barley chloroplasts. It wasfound that in contrast to the completely developed chloroplasts, the incompletely developed chloroplastslacked Chl b and did not contain the 23KDa and 25KDa polypeptide components of LHC-PSII. In themeantime, these membranes did nor present Mg~(2+) -induced Cbl a fluorescence and surface charge changesof thylakoids. These results provided strong evidence that the 23KDa and 25KDa polypeptides ofLHC-PSII are the specific acting sites of the cation that induced these two phenomena. It is suggested in this paper that Mg~(2+) -induced change of excitation energy distribution betweentwo photosystems is produced by the mechanism due to electrostatic neutralization of LHC-PSII bythe cation to cause a structural or con     

碳纳米管掺杂聚丙烯腈/铜室温环化为石墨的拉曼光谱分析及形成机制研究

石墨质碳质材料因具有良好的电学、力学、热学性能而在电子设备,复合材料,电池,传感器中得到广泛应用,但针对生产能耗高,污染大,成本高,不可控等现状是急需解决的核心问题。因此,通过使用较简单和成本低的制造技术在纳米级器件中获得石墨碳结构的方法是一个有吸引力的探索领域。表面等离激元技术因具有环境友好、能耗低等优点而受到广泛关注,利用等离激元技术诱导大分子链状聚合物石墨化就是一种具有广阔前景的制备技术,而Cu作为贱金属具有产量高,价格便宜等优势。基于表面等离激元技术,利用激光辐射粗糙Cu表面上的聚丙烯腈（PAN）+碳纳米管（CNT）,而使聚丙烯腈在金属表面被石墨化。通过改变基底刻蚀时间、退火温度、退火时间、激光强度系统地研究了PAN/Cu和PAN+CNT/Cu得到最佳石墨化条件。实验结果表明：以PAN作为探针分子,在2.5 mol·L-1硝酸刻蚀15min的铜基底上,观察到了增强因子为1.39×104的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）效应。通过使用拉曼激光作为光源,在退火温度为140 ℃时,可以观察到石墨化的PAN分子结构缺陷较少,碳氮三键消失,其I_D/I_G可达1.160 8。CNT进一步用于改变粗糙铜基底的光催化性能,我们使用硝酸改性的多臂碳纳米管（MWCNT）与PAN结合对催化系统进行改进,当掺入2%CNT后,通过表面等离激元PAN可以在40 ℃的条件下实现石墨化,其I_D/I_G达到0.942 1,并且激光的引入大大提高了石墨化位点的可控性,将其归因于激光照射下铜表面产生的热电子对PAN的催化作用,并提出可能存在两种催化和石墨化的机制,一种为热电子通过CNT使PAN石墨化,另一种为热电子通过CNT作用于PAN附近的O₂,通过·O-₂使PAN石墨化。     

Particle Shape Dependence of Rheological Behavior for Colloid-polymer Mixtures

The effect of particle shape on the rheological behavior of small particle-large polymer chain mixture solutions has been investigated with two model colloidal silica dispersions, one of which is ellipsoidal（BINDZIL20/440） and the other is spherical（TM40）. It was found that BINDZIL20/440 series showed shear-thickening at lower shear rates and had a lower upper limit in PEO concentration to demonstrate shear-thickening phenomena. The particle shape was identified as the major factor accounting for these differences. This work enables one to control the rheological behavior of colloid-polymer mixture through simply changing particle geometry instead of performing surface modifications, which could be especially useful in cases where only certain chemicals are allowed, for example in vivo applications.     

关于光合膜上蛋白质的功能分析

本文用胰蛋白酶作探针研究了菠菜叶绿体膜结构与功能之间的关系.在胰蛋白酶消化过的叶绿体中,观察到低浓度的CCCP(10μM)对放O₂和电子传递速度有强烈的抑制作用.胰蛋白酶诱导的这类CCCP的抑制作用,可被牛血清蛋白所“阻滞”.牛血清蛋白可使胰蛋白酶消化引起的叶绿体光还原DCIP的抑制得到恢复,但对酶消化产生的放O₂抑制无恢复效果. 根据上述结果推论:在PS-Ⅱ膜上可能存在有类似“通道”和“门”的结构;囊状体膜上的蛋白质组分有微区域的差异.     

超声辅助萃取-气相色谱-负化学电离源质谱法测定室内灰尘样品中8种常见多溴联苯醚

建立了室内灰尘样品中8种常见多溴联苯醚(PBDEs: BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-100、BDE-153、BDE-154、BDE-183和BDE-209)的气相色谱-负化学电离源质谱(GC-NCI/MS)分析方法。样品经吸尘器采集、正己烷超声萃取、浓缩后,采用GC-NCI/MS测定。结果表明,方法的加标回收率为53.2%～107.6%,日内测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%～16.5%,日间测定的RSD为6.4%～22.6%。除了BDE-209的检出限(信噪比为3)为0.15 ng/g外,其他多溴联苯醚的检出限为0.003～0.015 ng/g。该方法灵敏度高,准确度和精密度好,简便快速,溶剂消耗量少,适用于灰尘中三溴～十溴联苯醚的测定。     

EFFECTS OF TRYPSIN ON PHOTOSYSTEM Ⅱ,ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND ENERGY DISTRIBUTION

The effects of trypsin on the light-induced variable fluorescence of both the normaland tris-washed spinach chloroplasts have been investigated and it is discovered that: (i)Trypsin clearly inhibits in both cases the light-induced variable fluorescence emissions;but when the exogenous electron donor SMC B is added, this inhibitroy effects of trypsinare greatly alleviated and the recovery efficiency is similar in both cases. (ii) In thepresence of DCMU, trypsin still inhibits the variable fluorescence intensity but theexogenous electron acceptor such as DCIP or Fecy has no influence on it. Based on the above results, the following conclusion can be drawn: trypsin can evident-ly inactivate the electron transport on the oxidizing side of PS-Ⅱ, which exists between thewater splitting enzyme system and SMCB binding site. However, the water splitting enzymeis not sensitive to trypsin. It might be assumed that there is some protein on the thylakoidmembrane that acts as regulator to the functional mechanism of     

超声辅助萃取气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定室内灰尘中的39种多氯联苯

建立了测定室内灰尘样品中39种多氯联苯(PCBs)的分析方法。样品经吸尘器采集、正己烷-二氯甲烷(1：1,v/v)超声萃取、浓缩后,利用气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(GC-MS/MS)在选择反应监测(SRM)模式下测定。结果表明,39种PCBs在30 min内得到了很好的分离,在0.1~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9910~0.9999,方法的加标回收率为57.2%~120.3%,日内测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.3%~24.7%,日间测定的RSD为0.6%~29.9%,检出限(信噪比为3)为0.0003~0.2080 ng/g。本方法灵敏度高、准确度和精密度好,简便快速,溶剂消耗量少,适用于灰尘中多种多氯联苯的同时测定。     

阿凡提巧取金环问题的推广

我们都知道，阿凡提是一个聪明机智的传奇人物，在生活中流传着许多阿凡提智慧过人的传奇故事，给我们青少年带来不少启发．其中有这样一个故事：     

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF PROTEINS ON THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANE——EFFECTS OF Mg~(2+) AND BSA ON THE TRYPSIN-INDUCED CHLOROPHYLL a FLUORESCENCE AND THYLAKOID MEMBRANE SURFACE CHARGE CHANGES IN SPINACH CHLOROPLASTS

Trypsin digestion of spinach chloroplasts not only inhibits light-induced variable fluorescence yield (△F/F_0) but also abolishes Mg~(2+) stimulating effect on △F/F_0. If chloroplasts are incubated by Mg~(2+) prior to trypsin digestion, Mg~(2+) stimulating ability remains unchanged whereas the enzyme-induced △F/F_0 decline itself is not affected. The protective effect of pretreatment of chloroplasts with Mg~(2+) against trypsin closely correlated with alteration of the net negative charge on the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane by Mg~(2+). In contrast to this, addition of BSA to the chloroplast digested with trypsin significantly recovers the light-induced variable fluorescence yield but it does not influence Mg~(2+)-induced variable fluorescence change. The recovery effect of BSA incubation is not dependent upon Mg~(2+) concentration. Also, BSA does not alter the net negative charge on the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane.These results demonstrate the existence of two independent prote