J-aggregates of pseudoisocyanine with long alkyl substituents in thin films: Synthesis, spectral properties, and thermal stability

The formation and properties of J-aggregates in thin solid films of pseudoisocyanines with long N-alkyl groups, obtained by centrifuging from solutions in organic solvents, were studied. It is shown for the first time that nonsymmetric cyanine dyes, containing a C₂H₅ group at one nitrogen atom and a C₁₀H₂₁, C₁₅H₃₁, or C₁₈H₃₇ group at another nitrogen atom, spontaneously form J-aggregates stable at room temperature and pressing a narrow absorption band with a half-width at half maximum of 200 cm^?1. The thermal stability of J-aggregates in thin films of pseudoisocyanines with alkyl substituents decreases in the following order: C₂H₅-C₂H₅> C₂H₅-C₆H₁₃>C₂H₅-C₁₈H₃₇>C₂H₅-C₁₀H₂₁>C₂H₅-C₁₅H₃₁. By introducing 1-octadecyl-2-methylquinolinium iodide in the film, it was found that the J-aggregates studied consist of a small number (2–4) of dye molecules.     

The inhomogeneity of plastic deformation

Considerable local strain differences occur in single crystals as a consequence of slip bands. A significant contribution to this phenomenon is the effect of the deformation rate on the inhomogeneity of its distribution. In polycrystalline materials the plastic deformation is affected by grain boundaries and their vicinity as well as by various orientations of single grains in onephase metals and alloys, and by various component properties in multiphase materials. In some cases it has been possible to describe these phenomena by means of micromechanics. Valuable information has also been acquired by means of three-dimensional stereology.     

General method for the reduction of the effective rotational hamiltonian of molecules. Rational approximants and Padé approximants

A general method for reducing the effective rotational Hamiltonian for moleculesH _rot to the empirically constructed form in the {J_±, J_z} representation (molecules of the asymmetric-top type), applicable to Hamiltonians having improved convergence with nonpolynomial dependence on the angular momentum J, is developed. Rational forms for the reducedHrot and reduced Padé approximants for the rotational energy operator of the molecules are proposed.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 32–37, August, 1985.     

Application of infrared spectroscopy to the assessment of authenticity of tea

Diffusion reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the mid-IR region was used to assess the authenticity of tea varieties. The differences between the spectra of 12 different tea varieties (seven black, two green, three semifermented grades) were sufficient to allow their discrimination by the soft independent modelling of class analogy classification method or linear discriminant analysis, despite a significant heterogeneity of the samples as revealed by variance analysis.     

Machine scheme of additive calculation of physicochemical properties of paraffin hydrocarbons

Summary A machine scheme has been developed for the additive calculation of the physicochemical properties of alkanes necessary for mass calculation of the constants and as a supplementation to the automatic chemical information retrieval system.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya No. 11, pp. 1985–1988, November, 1964     

Symmetry properties of the effective hamiltonians of some nonrigid molecules

Group-theoretical methods are used to identify the nonvanishing parameters and establish relations between them in the effective Hamiltonians which describe rotation and motion with large amplitude. The cases considered are 1) bending vibration in molecules of the type XY₂ and XYZ and 2) inversion vibration in pyramidal molecules of the type XY₃. For the latter type of molecule, the symmetry properties of the parameters in the effective centrifugal Hamiltonian for quasidegenerate inversion states are investigated. The general form of this Hamiltonian and its symmetry properties are established and studied in an arbitrary order in the small parameter.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavednii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 22–26, February, 1981.