全文获取类型
收费全文 | 616篇 |
免费 | 12篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 447篇 |
晶体学 | 11篇 |
力学 | 14篇 |
数学 | 63篇 |
物理学 | 110篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 13篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 44篇 |
2010年 | 19篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 35篇 |
2007年 | 46篇 |
2006年 | 46篇 |
2005年 | 42篇 |
2004年 | 36篇 |
2003年 | 34篇 |
2002年 | 21篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有645条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Solid state nuclear track detectors are commonly used for measurements of concentrations of radon gas and/or radon progeny. All these measurements depend critically on the thickness of the removed layer during etching. However, the thickness of removed layer calculated using the etching period does not necessarily provide a sufficiently accurate measure of the thickness. For example, the bulk etch rate depends on the strength of stirring during etching for the LR 115 detector. We propose here to measure the thickness of the removed layer by using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. In the present work, a reference silver nitrate pellet is placed beneath the LR 115 detector, and the fluorescence X-ray intensity for silver is then measured. We have found a linear relationship between the X-ray intensity and the thickness of the removed layer for LR 115 detector. This provides a fast method to measure the thickness of removed layer from etching of LR 115 detector. However, this method was found to be inapplicable for the CR-39 detector. Therefore, alternative methods have yet to be explored for the CR-39 detector. 相似文献
2.
We have observed three-dimensional sponge-like structures as well as strips of connecting pits on the surface of the LR 115 detector after etching, which can be confused with the small tracks formed after short etching time. We have employed an atomic force microscope (AFM) to study these “damages” as well as genuine alpha tracks for short etching time. It was found that while the track and damage openings could be similar in size and shape, the depths for the damages were consistently smaller. Therefore, the depth of the pits will serve as a clear criterion to differentiate between tracks and other damages. The ability to discriminate between genuine tracks from other damages is most important for etching for short time intervals. 相似文献
3.
How Focusing Phenomena in the Instructional Environment Support Individual Students' Generalizations
This article sets forth a way of connecting the classroom instructional environment with individual students' generalizations. To do so, we advance the notion of focusing phenomena, that is, regularities in the ways in which teachers, students, artifacts, and curricular materials act together to direct attention toward certain mathematical properties over others. The construct of focusing phenomena emerged from an empirical study conducted during a 5-week unit on slope and linear functions in a high school classroom using a reform curriculum. Qualitative evidence from interviews with 7 students revealed that students interpreted the m value in y = b + mx as a difference rather than a ratio as a result of counterproductive generalization afforded by focusing phenomena. Classroom analysis revealed 4 focusing phenomena, which regularly directed students' attention to various sets of differences rather than to the coordination of quantities. 相似文献
4.
In this paper, the problem of estimating the covariance matrix of the elliptically contoured distribution (ECD) is considered. A new class of estimators which shrink the eigenvalues towards their arithmetic mean is proposed. It is shown that this new estimator dominates the unbiased estimator under the squared error loss function. Two special classes of ECD, namely, the multivariate-elliptical t distribution and the ε-contaminated normal distribution are considered. A simulation study is carried out and indicates that this new shrinkage estimator provides a substantial improvement in risk under most situations. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
Joanne H. James Michael E. Peach Charles R. Williams 《Journal of fluorine chemistry》1985,27(1):91-104
The reactions of sodium ethoxide in ethanol with various fluoroaromatics, C6F6?nHn, C6F5?nHnNO2, C6F5X (X = CF3, C6F5, COCH3, CH2Br), C6Cl6 and H2C6Cl4 have been studied. Partial substitution of the aromatic halogen was observed. The new products have been characterized by elemental analysis, NMR (H?1 and F?19), infrared and mass spectroscopy. 相似文献
8.
Huynh MH Witham LM Lasker JM Wetzler M Mort B Jameson DL White PS Takeuchi KJ 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(2):308-309
fac-[RuII(Cl)(dpp)(L3)]+ (L3 = tris(pyrid-2-yl)methoxymethane (tpmm) = [1A]+ and tris(pyrid-2-yl)pentoxymethane (tppm) = [1B]+ and dpp = di(pyrazol-1-yl)propane) rapidly undergo ligand substitution with water to form fac-[RuII(H2O)(dpp)(L3)]2+ (L3 = tpmm = [2A]2+ and tppm = [2B]2+). In the structure of [2A]2+, the distorted octahedral arrangement of ligands around Ru is evident by a long Ru(1)-O(40) of 2.172(3) A and a large angle O(40)-Ru(1)-N(51) of 96.95(14) degrees . The remarkably short distance between O(40) of H2O and H(45a) of dpp confirms the heteroscorpionate ligand effect of dpp on H2O. [2B]2+ aerobically catalyzes methyl p-tolyl sulfide to methyl p-tolyl sulfoxide in 1,2-dichlorobenzene at 25.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C under 11.4 psi of O2. Experimental facts in support of this aerobic sulfide oxidation are the absence of H2O2 and the oxidative reactivity of the putative Ru(IV)-oxo intermediate toward methyl p-tolyl sulfide, 2-propanol, and allyl alcohol. This study provides the first documented example of aerobic-sulfide oxidation catalyzed by the remarkably labile heteroscorpionate Ru(II)-aqua complex without the formation of a highly reactive peroxide as an intermediate. 相似文献
9.
Cooper SM Laosripaiboon W Rahman AS Hothersall J El-Sayed AK Winfield C Crosby J Cox RJ Simpson TJ Thomas CM 《Chemistry & biology》2005,12(7):825-833
Mupirocin, a polyketide-derived antibiotic from Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB10586, is a mixture of pseudomonic acids (PA) that target isoleucyl-tRNA synthase. The mup gene cluster encodes both type I polyketide synthases and monofunctional enzymes that should play a role during the conversion of the product of the polyketide synthase into the active antibiotic (tailoring). By in-frame deletion analysis of selected tailoring open-reading frames we show that mupQ, mupS, mupT, and mupW are essential for mupirocin production, whereas mupO, mupU, mupV, and macpE are essential for production of PA-A but not PA-B. Therefore, PA-B is not simply produced by hydroxylation of PA-A but is either a precursor of PA-A or a shunt product. In the mupW mutant, a new metabolite lacking the tetrahydropyran ring is produced, implicating mupW in oxidation of the 16-methyl group. 相似文献
10.
[chemical reaction: see text]. An efficient Yb(OTf)3-promoted palladium-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of gamma-heteroalkenyl beta-keto amides has been developed. Under simple aerobic condition, a variety of six-, seven-, and eight-membered-ring N- and O-heterocycles were obtained regioselectively in excellent yield. 相似文献