On the average moments of a polar molecule in a non-uniform electric field

We calculate the orientational average of the total electric dipole and quadrupole moments of a polar molecule in a non-uniform electric field and comment on the results.     

Improved Handwritten Digit Recognition using Quantum K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm

Handwritten numeral recognition is a technology for automatic recognition and classification of handwritten numeral input through machine learning model. This is widely used in postal code digital automatic system to sort letters. The classical k-nearest neighbor algorithm is used in the traditional digital recognition training model. The recognized digital image classification is obtained through similarity measure or calculation and K value selection. Nonetheless, as the applied data volume exceeds a certain threshold, the time complexity of the model increases exponentially upon the similarity measure and K value search. This condition makes it hard to apply the model universally. In this paper, we introduce quantum computing, that is where digital image information is stored in the quantum state, and its similarity is calculated in parallel. Also, the most similar K points are obtained through the Grover algorithm. The theoretical analysis of the proposed improved algorithm shows that, handwritten numeral recognition based on quantum k-neighbor algorithm can improved upon time complexity of \( \mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{R}\sqrt{kM}\right) \) of the existing algorithm.

     

Physicochemical and functional characteristics of radiation-processed shrimp chitosan

The effects of gamma irradiation on chitosan samples were determined in terms of physicochemical and functional properties. Shrimp chitosan was extracted from shell using a chemical process involving demineralization, deproteinization, decolorization and deacetylation. Commercial snow chitosan was also used. Samples (in a solid state) were given irradiation dose of 25 kGy at a dose rate of 1.1013 kGy/h in air and 0 kGy samples were used as controls. Results showed that moisture contents were between 8.690% and 13.645%. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan samples. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in the viscosity and viscosity-average molecular weight of the chistosan samples. Viscosity and molecular weight decreased when the samples were given the irradiation dose of 25 kGy. Chitosan samples had low antioxidant activity compared with BHT. Water binding capacity ranged from 582.40% to 656.75% and fat binding capacity was between 431.00% and 560.55%. Irradiation had a major effect on the viscosity and the viscosity-average molecular weight of the chitosan samples.     

QCF: Quantum Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm

With the rapid development of the Internet, e-commerce plays an important role in people’s lives, and the recommendation system is one of the most critical technologies. However, as the number of users and the scale of goods increase sharply, the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm has a large computational complexity in the part of calculating the user similarity, which leads to a low recommendation efficiency. In response to the above problems, this paper introduces the concept of quantum computing theory. The user score vector is first prepared into a quantum state, the similarity score is calculated in parallel, then the similarity information is saved into the quantum bit, and finally the similar user is searched by the Grover search algorithm. Compared with the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm, the time complexity of the collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on Grover algorithm can be effectively reduced under certain conditions.

     

Spatial distribution of 7Be in soils of Lower Austria after heavy rains

The ⁷Be approach in estimating the erosion rates is based on the assumption that the deposition of ⁷Be fallout associated with the erosive event is spatially uniform. The objective of the present work was to verify this assumption by assessing the influence of heavy rainfalls on the ⁷Be spatial distribution in Seibersdorf soils, Austria. Incremental and bulk soil depth profiles were collected from a flat site, undisturbed for the last 9 months prior sampling and with no evidence of erosion or deposition after the occurrence of heavy rains (>30 mm day^?1). The mean value of the ⁷Be areal activities (Bq m^?2) measured at 10 different points from the selected area was 312 Bq m^?2. This value corresponded to a total rainfall of 295 mm within the last 5 months prior sampling, considering that the highest mass activity of ⁷Be at soil surface will decay below the minimum detectable activity after 5 months’ time. The resulted coefficient of variation had a value of 19 % showing acceptable spatial variability of ⁷Be fallout connected with individual storm events on a local scale.