An efficient edge based data structure for the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations on hybrid unstructured meshes

An efficient edge based data structure has been developed in order to implement an unstructured vertex based finite volume algorithm for the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations on hybrid meshes. In the present approach, the data structure is tailored to meet the requirements of the vertex based algorithm by considering data access patterns and cache efficiency. The required data are packed and allocated in a way that they are close to each other in the physical memory. Therefore, the proposed data structure increases cache performance and improves computation time. As a result, the explicit flow solver indicates a significant speed up compared to other open-source solvers in terms of CPU time. A fully implicit version has also been implemented based on the PETSc library in order to improve the robustness of the algorithm. The resulting algebraic equations due to the compressible Navier–Stokes and the one equation Spalart–Allmaras turbulence equations are solved in a monolithic manner using the restricted additive Schwarz preconditioner combined with the FGMRES Krylov subspace algorithm. In order to further improve the computational accuracy, the multiscale metric based anisotropic mesh refinement library PyAMG is used for mesh adaptation. The numerical algorithm is validated for the classical benchmark problems such as the transonic turbulent flow around a supercritical RAE2822 airfoil and DLR-F6 wing-body-nacelle-pylon configuration. The efficiency of the data structure is demonstrated by achieving up to an order of magnitude speed up in CPU times.     

Microstructural properties and local atomic structures of cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesised by mechanical ball-milling process

In this study, facile preparation of pure and nano-sized cobalt oxides particles was achieved using low-cost mechanical ball-milling synthesis route. Microstructural and morphological properties of synthesised products were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. XRD results indicated that the fabricated samples composed of cubic pure phase CoO and Co₃O₄ nanocrystalline particles with an average crystallite size of 37.2 and 31.8 nm, respectively. TEM images showed that the resulting samples consisted of agglomerates of particles with average diameter of about 37.6 nm for CoO and 31.9 nm for Co₃O₄. Phase purity of the prepared samples was further investigated due to their promising technological applications. Local atomic structure properties of the prepared nanoparticles were probed using synchrotron radiation-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) including X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). EXAFS data analysis further confirmed the formation of single-phase CoO and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles. In addition, structural properties of cobalt oxide nanoparticles were investigated by performing density functional theory calculations at B3LYP/TZVP level and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. Theoretical calculations for both prepared samples were found to be consistent with the experimental results derived from EXAFS analysis. Obtained results herein reveals that highly crystalline and pure phase CoO and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles can be synthesised using simple, inexpensive and eco-friendly ball-milling method for renewable energy applications involving fuel cells and water splitting devices.     

Silver nanoparticle containing silk fibroin bionanotextiles

Development of new generation bionanotextiles is an important growing field, and they have found applications as wound dressings, bandages, tissue scaffolds, etc. In this study, silver nanoparticle (AgNP) containing silk-based bionanotextiles were fabricated by electrospinning, and processing parameters were optimized and discussed in detail. AgNPs were in situ synthesized within fibroin nanofibers by UV reduction of silver ions to metallic silver. The influence of post-treatments via methanol treatment and glutaraldehyde (GA) vapor exhibited changes in the secondary structure of silk. Methanol treatment increased the tensile properties of fibers due to supported crystalline silk structure, while GA vapor promoted amorphous secondary structure. AgNP containing silk fibroin bionanotextiles had strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa.     

Synthesis of new cyclotriphosphazene derivatives bearing Schiff bases and their thermal and absorbance properties

In this study, a series of cyclotriphosphazene derivatives containing a Schiff base (3a–3d) were synthesized by the reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (1) with bis-aryl Schiff bases ( 2a – 2d ) having different terminal groups (H, F, Cl, and Br). The products ( 3a – 3d ) were characterized by elemental and mass analyses, FT-IR, and ¹ H, ¹³ C, and ³¹ P NMR spectroscopies. Furthermore, the structure of compound 3a was also determined by X-ray crystallography. The thermal behaviors and the spectral properties of the new cyclotriphosphazene compounds ( 3a – 3d ) were investigated and the results were compared in the series.     

Synthesis and anticancer properties of gold(I) and silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes

Bis(1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene)silver(I) nitrate and bis(4,5-dichloro-1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene)silver(I) nitrate were prepared by reacting the corresponding imidazolium nitrate salts with silver oxide. Bis(1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene)gold(I) nitrate and bis(4,5-dichloro-1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene)gold(I) nitrate salts were prepared via transmetallation of their silver precursors with chloro dimethylsulfide gold. The anticancer properties were determined using NCI-H460 lung cancer cells. Efficacy was established by comparison of the gold and silver compounds with cisplatin.     

苯并噻二唑与苯胺类聚合物的金属镍配合物催化法合成与表征

以1,3-二(二苯基膦)丙烷二氯化镍(Ⅱ)[Ni(dppp)Cl2]作催化剂,通过4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑格氏(Grignard)试剂分别与3,3′-二甲基联苯二胺、对苯二胺共聚得到了两种新型主链含刚性和柔性链结构的苯并噻二唑类共轭聚合物。通过FT-IR、1H-NMR、UV-Vis、XRD、TGA等测试手段对聚合物的化学结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明:聚合物的紫外-可见最大吸收波长分别在306 nm和380 nm处出现,荧光激发峰分别出现在378 nm和463 nm,相应的荧光发射峰分别在493、562 nm处出现。共轭聚合物具有一定的结晶性和热稳定性。     

Bisimple inverse semigroups whose idempotents are an interval

Bisimple locally compact topological inverse semigroups whose maximal subgroups are compact and whose set of idempotents is a real interval are studied in this paper. The structure of such semigroups is shown to be entirely determined by their maximal subgroups in case the semigroups come from a certain subclass which includes the connected ones. The factor semigroups moduloH are completely determined.     

Homomorphic actions of ℍ on a compact groupon a compact group

The way the additive semigroup [0, ∞) carrying the usual topology can act as a semigroup of homomorphisms on a compact group is studied in this paper. It is shown that such actions of [0, ∞) on a compact group G can be completely described in terms of continuous homomorphisms from [0, ∞) into G. Furthermore, it is proven that each such action of [0, ∞) on a compact group G has a unique extension to an action of the additive group of all real numbers endowed with the usual topology on G so that a similar characterization is also valid for actions of the real numbers on a compact group.     

Synthesis of an imidazolium-linked cyclophane from histamine

The synthesis and structural characterization of a dicationic imidazolium-linked cyclophane 7 is reported. In 7, two imidazolium units that have histamine dihydrochloride as a precursor are bridged by two 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)-pyridine.     

Synthesis,characterization and H<Subscript>2</Subscript> adsorption performances of polymeric Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid and 1-vinylimidazole

We studied the synthesis and characterization of polymeric coordination complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions with pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid and 1-vinylimidazole. The e lemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analysis and X-ray single crystal techniques were used in the characterization. The X-ray single crystal analysis suggests that the pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylato ligand acts as a bridging ligand through the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate groups and the nitrogen atoms on the pyrazine ring. The 1-vinylimidazole ligand behaves as a monodentate ligand via the ring nitrogen atom. Further, the H₂ adsorption studies were carried out at 75 K for various increasing pressures and the highest H₂ adsorption performances for Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes were estimated as 2.66 and 2.99 wt% at 87 bar. The theoretical calculations using the crystal data were also performed to determine the voids in the structure of Co(II) complex.