Observers Design for a Class of Nonlinear Stochastic Discrete-Time Systems

International Journal of Theoretical Physics - This paper mainly studied the observer design of Lipschitz stochastic discrete system. For the first time, generalized Lipschitz conditions are...     

Transition-Metal Catalysis of Triene 6π Electrocyclization: The π-Complexation Strategy Realized

Triene 6π electrocyclization, wherein a conjugated triene undergoes a concerted stereospecific cycloisomerization to a cyclohexadiene, is a reaction of great historical and practical significance. In order to circumvent limitations imposed by the normally harsh reaction conditions, chemists have long sought to develop catalytic variants based upon the activating power of metal–alkene coordination. Herein, we demonstrate the first successful implementation of such a strategy by utilizing [(C₅H₅)Ru(NCMe)₃]PF₆ as a precatalyst for the disrotatory 6π electrocyclization of highly substituted trienes that are resistant to thermal cyclization. Mechanistic and computational studies implicate hexahapto transition-metal coordination as responsible for lowering the energetic barrier to ring closure. This work establishes a foundation for the development of new catalysts for stereoselective electrocyclizations.     

Fabricating Dual-Atom Iron Catalysts for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction: A Heteroatom Modulator Approach

Understanding the thermal aggregation behavior of metal atoms is important for the synthesis of supported metal clusters. Here, derived from a metal–organic framework encapsulating a trinuclear Fe^III₂Fe^II complex (denoted as Fe₃) within the channels, a well-defined nitrogen-doped carbon layer is fabricated as an ideal support for stabilizing the generated iron nanoclusters. Atomic replacement of Fe^II by other metal(II) ions (e.g., Zn^II/Co^II) via synthesizing isostructural trinuclear-complex precursors (Fe₂Zn/Fe₂Co), namely the “heteroatom modulator approach”, is inhibiting the aggregation of Fe atoms toward nanoclusters with formation of a stable iron dimer in an optimal metal–nitrogen moiety, clearly identified by direct transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. The supported iron dimer, serving as cooperative metal–metal site, acts as efficient oxygen evolution catalyst. Our findings offer an atomic insight to guide the future design of ultrasmall metal clusters bearing outstanding catalytic capabilities.     

Determination of sulfa antibiotic residues in river and particulate matter by field-amplified sample injection-capillary zone electrophoresis

In the present research, field-amplified sample injection–CZE (FASI–CZE) coupled with a diode array detector was established to determine trace level sulfa antibiotic. Sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfisoxazole were selected as analytes for the experiments. The background electrolyte solution consisted of 70.0 mmol/L borax and 60.0 mmol/L boric acid (including 10% methanol, pH 9.1). The plug was 2.5 mmol/L borax, which was injected into the capillary at a pressure of 0.5 psi for 5 s. Then the sample was injected into the capillary at an injection voltage of –10 kV for 20 s. The electrophoretic separation was carried out under a voltage of +19 kV. The capillary temperature was maintained at 20˚C throughout the analysis, and six sulfonamides were completely separated within 35 min. Compared with pressure injection-CZE, the sensitivity of FASI-CZE was increased by 6.25–10.0 times, and the LODs were reduced from 0.2–0.5 to 0.02–0.05 μg/mL. The method was applied to the determination of sulfonamides in river water and particulate matter samples. The recoveries were 78.59–106.59%. The intraday and interday precisions were 2.89–7.35% and 2.77–7.09%, respectively. This provides a simpler and faster method for the analysis of sulfa antibiotic residues in environmental samples.     

不同杂环取代(E)-β-Farnesene类似物的合成及生物活性研究

为了寻求新型蚜虫控制剂,以蚜虫报警信息素(E)-β-farnesene(EBF)为先导,引入不同类型的杂环取代EBF结构中不稳定的共轭双键,设计合成了一系列不同杂环取代的EBF类似物.所有化合物结构均通过1H NMR、13C NMR、IR及HRMS确证.对化合物进行了生物活性测试及初步构效关系分析.结果表明,所有化合物均对桃蚜和大豆蚜表现出一定的生物活性,部分化合物的杀虫活性优于先导EBF,酯基的引入则对驱避活性有利.     

纳米CeO2吸附剂的制备及对六价铬的吸附性能

吸附法是去除水中重金属离子的重要方法,开发新型吸附剂一直是研究热点.利用浸渍法和水热法制备了片状和无定形的纳米CeO2吸附剂,探讨其对六价铬的吸附性能,分析pH、吸附时间、六价铬初始浓度等因素对其吸附性能的影响,并通过循环吸附实验考察纳米CeO2吸附剂的再生能力.结果表明:厚度30 nm、直径大小约为400 nm的片状CeO2吸附剂具有更强的吸附能力和更快的吸附速率,80 min时基本达到吸附平衡;两种吸附剂的最佳吸附pH为3;吸附动力学均符合伪二级动力学方程,Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型均能很好地拟合等温吸附过程,表明纳米CeO2对六价铬的吸附以单层吸附为主.片状CeO2四次吸附-解吸实验之后吸附率稍有下降,表明片状CeO2吸附剂有较好的再生能力,因而,该片状CeO2吸附剂适用于与酸性Cr(Ⅵ)废水的处理.     

Organocatalytic asymmetric chlorinative dearomatization of naphthols

An organocatalytic asymmetric chlorinative dearomatization of naphthols was realized for the first time, providing chiral naphthalenones with a Cl-containing all-substituted stereocenter in excellent yields and enantioselectivity (up to 97% yield and 96% ee). The reaction features mild reaction conditions, good tolerance of diverse functional groups and simple reaction operation.     

紧黎曼流形上的椭圆边界值问题

讨论一类非齐次非线性椭圆边界值问题.利用极大值原理证明了该问题解的梯度估计.作为它的应用得到了解的效率比估计.