Adsorptive Behavior of Methylene Blue onto Sawdust of Sour Lemon,Date Palm,and Eucalyptus as Agricultural Wastes

In the present study, to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution, some agricultural residues and cheap bioadsorbents such as sawdust of palm trees, eucalyptus, and sour lemon were used. To do this, significant parameters like contact time, temperature, pH, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage were checked. The results affirmed that the best conditions for MB adsorption from aqueous solution were obtained such as the temperature of 25?°C, pH of 8, adsorbent dosage of 2g/L, contact time of 120?minutes, and dye concentration of 5?mg/l which under these conditions the adsorption efficiencies determined were 95.8, 93.4, and 92.8% using sawdust of palm tree, eucalyptus, and sour lemon, respectively. Also, the equilibrium behavior of adsorbents showed that the Freundlich model could better predict the adsorption behavior of the process due to having a larger correlation coefficient (R²). The maximum biosorption capacities by Langmuir isotherm model were also obtained 54, 53.5, and 52.4?mg/g for sawdust of palm trees, eucalyptus, and lemon, respectively, which were significant amounts. In addition, kinetic behavior of adsorption showed that pseudo-second-order model can describe the kinetics of the adsorption process better than the pseudo-first-order model. Moreover, kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic behaviors of adsorption affirmed that the biosorption process was desirable, physisorption, spontaneous, and exothermic.     

Radiation-induced decoloration of oxazine in ethanolic solution

The decoloration yield of oxazine 720 in ethanolic solution was studied as a function of dose rate and concentration of the dye. Linear response for G values to a dose of 1.68 KGy was observed for various dye concentrations. The effect of various organic substances in the radiolysis of the dye was studied and the results were interpreted in terms of scavenging reactions.     

Redox behavior of juglone in buffered aq.: Ethanol media

The present work reports the redox mechanism of 5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione (HND), commonly known as juglone, in buffered aqueous media having 50% of ethanol. HND followed different mechanistic routes depending upon the pH of the media and more than one pK_a were evaluated from the changes in the slope of the E_p vs. pH plot. The change of pH from acidic to neutral conditions was found to switch the mechanism from CEC to EE mechanism. Pulse techniques were utilized to determine the number of electrons involved in the oxidation and/or the reduction step and to ensure the nature of the redox process. Based upon the obtained results, an electrode reaction mechanism was proposed. Computational studies of HND supported the experimental results. UV-Visible spectroscopy was also employed for the detailed characterization of the compound in a wide range of pH and for the determination of its pK_a.     

A Novel One Pot Synthesis of o‐Nitrophenylacetic Acid and Unexpected p‐Nitrobenzoic Acid by HNO3‐Mediated CH2 Extrusion Reaction of Phenylacetic Acid

The HNO₃‐mediated CH₂ extrusion reactions of phenylacetic acid lead to one pot synthesis of unexpected commercially important product 4‐nitrobenzoic acid through the formation of 4‐nitrophenylacetic acid and 2‐nitrophenylacetic acid.     

Alternating Current Electrohydrodynamics Induced Nanoshearing and Fluid Micromixing for Specific Capture of Cancer Cells

We report a new tuneable alternating current (ac) electrohydrodynamics (ac‐EHD) force referred to as “nanoshearing” which involves fluid flow generated within a few nanometers of an electrode surface. This force can be externally tuned via manipulating the applied ac‐EHD field strength. The ability to manipulate ac‐EHD induced forces and concomitant fluid micromixing can enhance fluid transport within the capture domain of the channel (e.g., transport of analytes and hence increase target–sensor interactions). This also provides a new capability to preferentially select strongly bound analytes over nonspecifically bound cells and molecules. To demonstrate the utility and versatility of nanoshearing phenomenon to specifically capture cancer cells, we present proof‐of‐concept data in lysed blood using two microfluidic devices containing a long array of asymmetric planar electrode pairs. Under the optimal experimental conditions, we achieved high capture efficiency (e.g., approximately 90 %; % RSD=2, n=3) with a 10‐fold reduction in nonspecific adsorption of non‐target cells for the detection of whole cells expressing Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2). We believe that our ac‐EHD devices and the use of tuneable nanoshearing phenomenon may find relevance in a wide variety of biological and medical applications.     

Quasifree compton scattering from the deuteron and nucleon polarizabilities

Cross sections for quasifree Compton scattering from the deuteron were measured for incident energies of E(gamma) = 236-260 MeV at the laboratory angle straight theta(gamma(')) = -135 degrees. The recoil nucleons were detected in a liquid-scintillator array situated at straight theta(N) = 20 degrees. The measured differential cross sections were used, with the calculations of Levchuk et al., to determine the polarizabilities of the bound nucleons. For the bound proton, the extracted values were consistent with the accepted value for the free proton. Combining our results for the bound neutron with those from Rose et al., we obtain 1-sigma constraints of alpha;(n) = 7.6-14.0 and beta;(n) = 1.2-7.6.