We investigate the nature of the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance (CFP) by examining how it changes across a third dimension that accounts for firm-specific factors. We propose a semi-latent specification of an endogenous control variable, which can, for the first time, explicitly identify, for each individual firm, the threshold level where the marginal impact of CSR on CFP turns positive. We provide empirical evidence that this threshold depends on the additional dimension and consequently, the previously reported U-shape seems to be an aggregation of relationships of differential magnitude and direction. This disaggregation fits the data better and therefore, we maintain that the addition of a higher dimension, along with the identification of the threshold level, can explain the conflicting results in the literature.
The use of succinamic acid (H2sucm)/N,N′-chelate (2,2′-bipyridine, bpy; 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, dmbpy; 1,10-phenanthroline, phen) ‘ligand blends’ in CuX2·yH2O (X = NO3, y = 3; X = Cl, y = 0) chemistry has yielded the new complexes [Cu2(Hsucm)3(bpy)2](NO3)·0.5MeOH (1·0.5MeOH), [Cu2(Hsucm)(OH)Cl(bpy)2](OH)·3.6H2O (5·3.6H2O) and [Cu2(Hsucm)2Cl2(phen)2] (6). The succinamate(−1) ion behaves as a carboxylate ligand and exists in two different coordination modes in the structures of the above complexes, i.e., the common syn, syn μ2-κO:κO′ in 1, 5 and 6, and the μ2-κ2O:κO′ in 1. The primary amide group of Hsucm− remains uncoordinated and participates in intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions leading to 1D, 2D and 3D networks. Characteristic IR bands of the complexes are discussed in terms of the known structures and the coordination modes of the Hsucm− ligands. 相似文献
Nanoscale two-dimensional nanostructures have shown great potential as functional components in photocatalysis. Here, investigations on the synthesis of heterostructured hybrids, comprised of 0D CdS nanoparticles as semiconductor and 2D/2D graphene/MoSx as co-catalyst, are reported. The approach involves a rapid microwave-assisted reaction in autoclave conditions, by adopting either a one-step or a two-step protocol. The chemical speciation of the nanocomposites was found to depend strongly on the compounding conditions of the precursor substances. The photocatalytic activity was assessed by monitoring the photodegradation rate of 4-nitrophenol in solution using simulated solar light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of the hybrids may be attributed to a combination of beneficial characteristics, strongly related to the chemical speciation of the composite components. Moreover, intimate contacts of the latter result in efficient heterojunctions. Overall, the present study provides valuable insight into the development of functional heterostructured photocatalysts comprised of two-dimensional nanomaterials. 相似文献
The use of succinamic acid (H2sucm) in CuII/N,N′,N″-donor [2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (terpy), 2,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (dmbppy)] reaction mixtures yielded compounds [Cu(Hsucm)(terpy)]n(ClO4)n (1), [Cu(Hsucm)(terpy)(MeOH)](ClO4) (2), [Cu2(Hsucm)2(terpy)2](ClO4)2 (3), [Cu(ClO4)2(terpy)(MeOH)] (4), [Cu(Hsucm)(dmbppy)]n(NO3)n·3nH2O (5.3nH2O), and [CuCl2(dmbppy)]·H2O (6·H2O). The succinamate(−1) ligand exists in four different coordination modes in the structures of 1–3 and 5, i.e., the μ2-κO:κO′:κO″ in 1 and 5 which involves asymmetric chelating coordination of the carboxylato group and ligation of the amide O-atom leading to 1D coordination polymers, the μ2-κ2O:κO′ in 3 which involves asymmetric chelating and bridging coordination of the carboxylato group, and the asymmetric chelating mode in 2. The primary amide group, either coordinated in 1 and 5, or uncoordinated in 2 and 3, participate in hydrogen bonding interactions, leading to interesting crystal structures. Characteristic IR bands of the complexes are discussed in terms of the known structures and the coordination modes of the Hsucm− ligands. The thermal decomposition of complex 5·3nH2O was monitored by TG/DTG and DTA measurements. 相似文献
In the present study, we are investigating computationally the pulsatile flow in an anatomically accurate cerebral arterial segment exhibiting two saccular aneurysms. Our focus is on the haemodynamic patterns observed within the two aneurysms, in terms of inflow-outflow regions, emergence and disappearance of coherent structures and mixing throughout the cardiac cycle. The results obtained carry interesting features, important for thrombosis, pharmacokinetics and particularly for interventional planning for aneurysm treatment. For the latter, being the center-point of this study, we show that the two aneurysms behave in a dissimilar manner, since the blood inflow region oscillates significantly for one of them and practically does not oscillate at all for the second. This information can guide the medical interventionist in designing the optimal approach, particularly in cases where total obliteration of the aneurysm neck opening is impossible. 相似文献