一类混合单调算子的不动点定理及其应用

本文对一类重要的混合单调算子证明了不动点的存在、唯一与逼近定理，并应用于研究动态规划中泛函方程的正解问题．     

原油中环烷酸的分离与分析方法研究进展

综述原油中环烷酸的分离与分析方法。分离方法包括化学反应分离、吸附分离以及利用某些金属氧化物或过渡金属盐络合物分离的方法等。分析方法主要叙述了质谱分析法。     

In situ Engineering of Tumor-Associated Macrophages via a Nanodrug-Delivering-Drug (β-Elemene@Stanene) Strategy for Enhanced Cancer Chemo-Immunotherapy

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in the immunosuppressive solid tumor microenvironment (TME), yet in situ engineering of TAMs for enhanced tumor immunotherapy remains a significant challenge in translational immuno-oncology. Here, we report an innovative nanodrug-delivering-drug (STNSP@ELE) strategy that leverages two-dimensional (2D) stanene-based nanosheets (STNSP) and β-Elemene (ELE), a small-molecule anticancer drug, to overcome TAM-mediated immunosuppression and improve chemo-immunotherapy. Our results demonstrate that both STNSP and ELE are capable of polarizing the tumor-supportive M2-like TAMs into a tumor-suppressive M1-like phenotype, which acts with the ELE chemotherapeutic to boost antitumor responses. In vivo mouse studies demonstrate that STNSP@ELE treatment can reprogram the immunosuppressive TME by significantly increasing the intratumoral ratio of M1/M2-like TAMs, enhancing the population of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells, and elevating the expression of immunostimulatory cytokines in B16F10 melanomas, thereby promoting a robust antitumor response. Our study not only demonstrates that the STNSP@ELE chemo-immunotherapeutic nanoplatform has immune-modulatory capabilities that can overcome TAM-mediated immunosuppression in solid tumors, but also highlights the promise of this nanodrug-delivering-drug strategy in developing other nano-immunotherapeutics and treating various types of immunosuppressive tumors.     

Microbial transformation of laxogenin by the fungus Syncephalastrum racemosum

Biotransformation of laxogenin (LG, 1) was performed by the fungus Syncephalastrum racemosum (AS 3.264). Thirteen previously undescribed metabolites were obtained and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. S. racemosum catalyzes mainly oxygenation reactions of the B, C, and D rings of the sapogenin to afford metabolites 2–12. Conversion of the spirostanol skeleton to cholestane-type was also encountered in metabolite 13. Rearrangement of F-ring afforded F-ring ‘furanose’ sapogenin was observed in metabolite 14. The substrate and its derivatives were evaluated for their anti-neuroinflammatory activities. LG and metabolites 2, 3, 5, 8–10 and 13–14 exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activities on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO (nitric oxide) production in BV-2?cells. Moreover, 1, 2 and 5 dose-dependently reduced the LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expressions.