Mössbauer and infrared spectroscopic studies of novel mixed valence states in cobaltous ferrocyanides and ferricyanides

Novel mixed valence states have been obtained by the treatment of cobaltous ferrocyanides (Co⁺²Fe^II) and ferricyanides (Co⁺²Fe^III) in an ozone flow. The CN stretching bands occur at 2085 cm^–1 for Co⁺²Fe^II and at 2160 cm^–1 for Co⁺²Fe^III. After the ozonization process of Co⁺²Fe^II, an intense band approximately at 2125 cm^–1 is detected. This intermediate band must correspond to a mixed valence state of the type: Fe^II–CN–Co²⁺–NC–Fe^III Mössbauer spectra recorded in situ during the ozonization of Co⁺²Fe^II show the presence of two components: a doublet with isomer shift and quadrupole splitting values close to the cobalti ferricyanide and a very broad line for the mixed valence state. From the Mössbauer and infrared spectra of the aged samples of the Co⁺²Fe^II after ozonization, a relaxation process to the initial state of the samples is observed but the mixed valence state is stable.     

Configurational assignment of fragment ions by CID. Stereochemistry and mechanism of retro-Diels–Alder fragmentation accompanied by hydrogen transfer in gas-phase cations

Low energy CID mass spectra of m/z 173, C₈H₁₃O₄⁺, obtained from the diethyl ester of cis,syn,cis-l,2,3,3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8-decahydroindacene-4,5-dicarboxylic acid and cis,syn,cis-l,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10,10a-dodecahydrophenanthrene-9,10-dicarboxylic acid indicate they have the structure of protonated diethyl maleate. This finding together with previous deuterium labelling results suggest that the formation of this ion from both precursors takes place by migration of a hydrogen atom from an allylic δ-position followed by the concerted cleavage of two allylic C? C bonds in analogy to the ground state retro-Diels–Alder fragmentation.     

Some new applications of the biamperostat catalytic-kinetic determination of copper, peroxidase, glucose oxidase, thyroxine and 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline.

Biamperometrically observable reactions can be evaluated by the “potentiostat” method with a current-to-voltage transducer. Some further examples of the application of this “biamperostat” are described: the copper(II)-catalyzed autodecomposition of hydrogen peroxide, the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of iodide with hydrogen peroxide, the glucose oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of glucose with molecular oxygen and the iodine (in organic compounds )-catalyzed oxidation of arsenic(III) with cerium(IV). 1,10-Phenanthroline is determined indirectly by its inhibitory action on copper(II).     

Recent applications of the ring-oven technique : A brief review

The ring-oven technique is a special type of spot analysis. In this review, papers published since 1976 are discussed. The aspects dealt with include developments in the technique and its use, the identification and determination of inorganic ions, organic substances, enzymatic analysis, applications to air and water samples, and combinations with other techniques.     

Über eine Kombination von Papierchromatographie und Ringofenmethode zur Untersuchung einiger toxikologisch interessanter organischer Stoffe

Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Kombination von Papierchromatographie und Ringofenmethode berichtet, bei der die in den einzelnen Flecken des Chromatogramms enthaltenen Substanzen mit Hilfe des Ringofens in Form kreisbogenförmiger Linien konzentriert werden. Dadurch können wesentlich kleinere Probenmengen zur Chromatographie verwendet werden. Am Beispiel der Trennung von Evipan, Noctal, Doriden und Veronal wird die Methode erläutert. Eine Tabelle faßt eine Anzahl von Einzeluntersuchungen zusammen und zeigt, daß durch diese Kombination eine Steigerung der Empfindlichkeit papierchromatographischer Methoden erreicht werden kann.

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Summary A report is given of a combination of paper chromatography and the ring furnace method, in which the substances present in the individual flecks of the chromatogram are concentrated into the form of circular lines by means of the ring furnace. Markedly smaller samples can be used in this way for chromatographing. The method is illustrated by means of the separation of Evipan, Noctal, Doriden, and Veronal. A table gives a résumé of a number of single investigations and shows that this combination permits a rise in the sensitivity of paper chromatographic methods.

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Résumé On présente une association de la méthode du four annulaire avec la chromatographie sur papier: on concentre sous forme de raies en arc de cercles les substances retenues dans les différentes taches du chromatogramme, à l'aide du four annulaire. On peut ainsi utiliser des prises d'essai beaucoup plus petites que pour la chromatographie. La méthode est expliquée en prenant l'exemple de la séparation de l'Evipan, du Noctal, du Doridène et du Véronal. Un tableau rassemble un certain nombre d'expériences individuelles et montre que cette association permet d'augmenter la sensibilité de la méthode chromatographique sur papier.

     

Catalytic end-point detection in titrimetric analysis

In catalytic end-point detection, the first drop of titrant in excess is not used for a stoichiometric reaction with the indicator (as in conventional titrations) but acts as, or liberates, a catalyst for the indicator reaction. A very small excess of titrant thus suffices to catalyze large amounts of the indicator reaction mixture. Such catalytic end-points are therefore very sensitive. Terminology is discussed briefly. The various types of titration (direct, with a “brake”, reversed, indirect and substitution) and of end-point detection (visual, olfactory, photometric, thermometric and electrometric) are described. Applications of these techniques are summarized.     

Uranylacetat als Sprühreagens in der Dünnschichtchromatographie

Zusammenfassung Sprüht man eine l%ige wäßrige Lösung von Uranylacetat auf eine mit Kieselgel G beschichtete Platte, so erhält man nach dem Trocknen eine gelbgrüne Fluoreszenz im UV (254 nm), die durch zahlreiche Stoffe gelöscht wird. Dies kann zum Nachweis der verschiedensten Substanzen nach ihrer dünnschichtchromatographischen Trennung verwendet werden. Beispiele für die Erfassungsgrenzen werden angegeben.

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Summary If a 1% aqueous solution of uranyl acetate is sprayed on a plate carrying a layer of silica gel G and then dried, there results a yellow-green fluorescence in UV (254 nm) that is quenched by numerous materials. This finding can be employed for the detection of the most varied substances after they have been separated by thin layer Chromatographic procedures. Examples of the sensitivity limits are given.

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Résumé Si l'on vaporise une solution aqueuse à 1% d'acétate d'uranyle sur une plaque recouverte de gel de silice G, on obtient après séchage une fluorescence vert-jaune dans l'UV (254 nm), éteinte par de nombreuses substances. On peut utiliser ce phénomène pour la recherche de substances très variées après leur séparation par Chromatographie en couche mince. On donne des exemples pour les limites de dilution.

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Wir danken der Alexander-von-Humboldt-Stiftung, die diese Arbeit durch ein Stipendium (H. S.) ermöglieht hat.