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1.
Xiaojuan Hao Camilla Nilsson Martin Jesberger Martina H. Stenzel Eva Malmstrm Thomas P. Davis Emma
stmark Christopher Barner‐Kowollik 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(23):5877-5890
The synthesis and characterization of novel first‐ and second‐generation true dendritic reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents carrying 6 or 12 pendant 3‐benzylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanylpropionic acid RAFT end groups with Z‐group architecture based on 1,1,1‐hydroxyphenyl ethane and trimethylolpropane cores are described in detail. The multifunctional dendritic RAFT agents have been used to prepare star polymers of poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) and polystyrene (PS) of narrow polydispersities (1.4 < polydispersity index < 1.1 for PBA and 1.5 < polydispersity index < 1.3 for PS) via bulk free‐radical polymerization at 60 °C. The novel dendrimer‐based multifunctional RAFT agents effect an efficient living polymerization process, as evidenced by the linear evolution of the number‐average molecular weight (Mn) with the monomer–polymer conversion, yielding star polymers with molecular weights of up to Mn = 160,000 g mol?1 for PBA (based on a linear PBA calibration) and up to Mn = 70,000 g mol?1 for PS (based on a linear PS calibration). A structural change in the chemical nature of the dendritic core (i.e., 1,1,1‐hydroxyphenyl ethane vs trimethylolpropane) has no influence on the observed molecular weight distributions. The star‐shaped structure of the generated polymers has been confirmed through the cleavage of the pendant arms off the core of the star‐shaped polymeric materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5877–5890, 2004 相似文献
2.
Nathalie Charton Achim Feldermann Alexander Theis Martina H. Stenzel Thomas P. Davis Christopher Barner‐Kowollik 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(21):5559-5559
The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem (2004) 42(20) 5170–5179. No abstract. 相似文献
3.
Stenzel RL 《Physical review letters》1990,65(24):3001-3004
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With the help of a commercial heat-flux calorimeter the enthalpy change was measured as a function of the interlamellar spacing for lamellar precipitated Cu-In samples. This is related to the replacement of the two-phase structure (α + δ) by the homogeneous solid solution (α0. From this, the specific interfacial enthalpy of the α-δ interface was determined to be ΔHδ = 1100 ± 550 mJ m?2. A value of ΔHc = 1320 ± 60 J mol?1 results for the chemical part of the total measured transformation enthalpy. A value of ΔSδ = 0.66 mJ m?2 K?1 was estimated for the specific interfacial entropy and using the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation the specific interfacial free energy was calculated as ΔGδ = 700 ± 400 mJ m?2 at 600 K. 相似文献
7.
Hales M Barner-Kowollik C Davis TP Stenzel MH 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(25):10809-10817
A polylactide (D,L-PLA) macroRAFT agent was prepared by utilizing a hydroxyl-functional trithiocarbonate as a coinitiator for the ring-opening polymerization. The length of the resultant polymer was controlled by the concentration of the coinitiator leading to the formation of two PLA polymers with M(n) = 12500 g mol(-)(1) (PDI = 1.46) and M(n) = 20500 g mol(-)(1) (PDI = 1.38) each with omega-trithiocarbonate functionality. Chain extension of PLA via the RAFT (free radical) polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) resulted in the formation of amphiphilic block copolymers with the PNIPAAm block increasing in size with conversion. TEM measurements of the aggregates obtained by self-organization of the block copolymers in aqueous solutions indicated the formation of vesicles. The sizes of these aggregates were influenced by the ratio of both blocks and the molecular weight of each block. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the block copolymer was largely unaffected by the size of each block. UV turbidity measurements indicated a higher LCST for the block copolymers than for the corresponding PNIPAAm homopolymers. Stabilization of the vesicles was attained by a cross-linking chain extension of the PNIPAAm block using hexamethylene diacrylate. As the trithiocarbonate group was located between the PLA and PNIPAAm blocks, the chain extension resulted in a cross-linked layer between the core and corona of the vesicles. 相似文献
8.
Ternary Halides of the A3MX6 Type. II. The System Ag3?xNaxYCl6: Synthesis, Structures, Ionic Conductivity . The influence of the substitution of Ag+ by Na+ ions on the crystal structure and the ionic conductivity of Ag3YCl6 (stuffed LiSbF6-type structure) has been investigated. The system Ag3?xNaxYCl6 forms a complete solid solution. The stuffed LiSbF6-type structure is stable for all compositions. For compounds with Na+ contents of x > 1.67, the cryolite-type structure is observed as the high-temperature form. The transition temperature decreases steadily with increasing Na+ content. The “end member” phase Na3YCl6 transforms at 243 K from the monoclinic cryolite-type structure to the stuffed LiSbF6-type structure (trigonal, R3 ; a = 697.3(1), c = 1 868.4(14) pm, Z = 3; R = 0.094; Rw = 0.069). The crystal structures of Ag1.3Na1.7YCl6 (trigonal, R3 ; a = 691.5(2), c = 1 853.7(6) pm, Z = 3; R = 0.099, Rw = 0.081) and AgNa2YCl6 (trigonal, R3 ; a = 691.7(1), c = 1 853.9(5) pm, Z = 3; R = 0.099, Rw = 0.064) have also been determined. Both chlorides crystallize like Ag3YCl6 and Na3YCl6-I in the stuffed LiSbF6-type structure. The monovalent cations, Ag+ and Na+, are distributed over the five octahedral voids that are occupied by the Ag+ ions alone in Ag3YCl6. The ionic conductivity for compounds within the solid solution Ag3?xNaxYCl6 decreases with increasing Na+ content. The values for Na3YCl6 (σ = 1 · 10?6 Ω?1 cm?1 at T = 500 K) are by 2.5 to 3.5 orders of magnitude smaller than those for Ag3YCl6 (σ = 6 · 10?4 Ω?1 cm?1 at T = 500 K). 相似文献
9.
Triggering the Directional Selectivity of a Ring‐Closure Reaction Leads to Pyridoazacarbazoles with Anticancer Properties 下载免费PDF全文
Tamara N. Steinhauer Daniel S. Längle Dr. Christopher Meier Dr. Ulrich Girreser Dr. Lars Stenzel Prof. Dr. Dieter Heber Prof. Dr. Bernd Clement 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(18):6668-6672
We herein describe a facile and versatile synthetic route to the tetracyclic system of 6‐substituted 5,6‐dihydro‐11H‐pyrido[3,2‐i]‐1‐azacarbazoles with promising anticancer properties. These derivatives are built up by an elegant one‐step base‐catalyzed synthetic procedure from commercially available building blocks. One additional step provides the corresponding skeleton hitherto unknown in the literature. The possibility to synthesize a large library of compounds with various substitution patterns utilizing this method underlines the importance of this synthetic procedure. 相似文献
10.
A three-dimensional magnetic vortex, propagating in the whistler mode, has been produced in a laboratory plasma. Its magnetic energy is converted into electron kinetic energy. Non-Maxwellian electron distributions are formed which give rise to kinetic whistler instabilities. The propagating vortex radiates whistler modes along the ambient magnetic field. A new instability mechanism is proposed. 相似文献