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1.
VI. Sedláček 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1988,38(5):465-469
The formation of slip bands is the main mechanism of cyclic deformation in pure Al. Their density, orientation and heights in polycrystalline Al were investigated during cycling. Types, sizes and densities of precipitates are responsible for the mode of cyclic deformation in AlCu4 pure alloy. In technical Al alloys intermetallic phases have detrimental effects on deformation homogeneity and largely govern the fatigue mechanism of the material and especially microcrack initiation. 相似文献
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Molality as a unit of measure for expressing 1H MRS brain metabolite concentrations in vivo 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Knight-Scott J Haley AP Rossmiller SR Farace E Mai VM Christopher JM Manning CA Simnad VI Siragy HM 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2003,21(7):787-797
Absolute concentrations of cerebral metabolite in in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies (1H-MRS) are widely reported in molar units as moles per liter of tissue, or in molal units as moles per kilogram of tissue. Such measurements require external referencing or assumptions as to local water content. To reduce the scan time, avoid assumptions that may be invalid under specific pathologies, and provide a universally accessible referencing procedure, we suggest that metabolite concentrations from 1H-MRS measurements in vivo be reported in molal units as moles per kilogram of tissue water. Using internal water referencing, a two-compartment water model, a simulated brain spectrum for peak identification, and a spectroscopic bi-exponential spin-spin relaxation segmentation technique, we measured the absolute concentrations for the four common 1H brain metabolites: choline (Cho), myo-inositol (mIno), phosphocreatine + creatine (Cr), and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), in the hippocampal region (n = 26) and along the Sylvian fissure (n = 61) of 35 healthy adults. A stimulated echo localization method (20 ms echo time, 10 ms mixing time, 4 s repetition time) yielded metabolite concentrations, uncorrected for metabolite relaxation or contributions from macromolecule resonances, that were expectantly higher than with molar literature values. Along the Sylvian fissure the average concentrations (coefficient of variation (CV)) in mmoles/kg of tissue water were 17.6 (12%) for NAA, 14.2 (9%) for Cr, 3.6 (13%) for Cho, and 13.2 (15%) for mIno. Respective values for the hippocampal region were 15.7 (20%), 14.7 (16%), 4.6 (19%), and 17.7 (26%). The concentrations of the two regions were significantly different (p = 0.001) for NAA, mIno, and Cho, a trend in agreement with previous studies. All gray matter Sylvian fissure CV values, except for NAA, were also in agreement with previous 1H-MRS gray matter studies. The reduced precision of the NAA concentration was attributed to overlapping signal contributions from glutamate and glutamine (Glx), suggesting that a detailed Glx model is critical for accurate quantitation of the NAA 2.02 ppm resonance. The reduced precision of the measurements in the hippocampal region was attributed to poor spectral resolution. 相似文献
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A. A. Belyanin V. V. Kocharovsky VI. V. Kocharovsky 《Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics》1996,41(1):22-27
It is believed that the detection of gamma-ray bursts from evaporating primordial black holes is highly improbable in the
near future since the expected photon flux, consisting mainly of photons with energies ≳ GeV, is too low. Contrary to this
point of view, we show that a large fraction of the black hole power at the final stage of evaporation (the last 103 s) can be liberated as a burst of soft γ-ray emission of duration 10−1–103 s and luminosity 1028–1031 erg/s in the energy range 0.1–1 MeV. According to our calculations of the black hole evaporation rate (within the Standard
Model of elementary particles), when the black hole temperature exceeds approximately 10 GeV, the charged particle outflow
from a black hole forms a well-defined plasma and can be described in the hydrodynamic approximation. In this case more than
half of the rest energy of a black hole can be converted into soft gamma-rays due to the presence of the magnetic field with
energy density comparable to that of charged particles. We consider various mechanisms leading to such transformation and
estimate their efficiency. It is shown that, at least, some of the gamma-ray bursts detected by BATSE can be associated with
evaporating black holes.
Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh
Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 36–45, January, 1998. 相似文献
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L. Rosenthaler P. Krumholz J. Vasquez Sanchez F. Feigl A. S. Komarowsky N. S. Poluektoff J. V. Dubský J. Trtilek A. Oká G. Hellsing K. Heumann F. Emich Olga S. Fedorova Georges Glomaud J. Trtílek VI. Stanék T. Nemes Carl Urbach R. Baril und J. H. Yoe 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1935,102(7-8):280-289
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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J. Badalec J. Ďatlov K. Jakubka VI. Kopecký Š. Körbel L. Kryška P. Magula J. Stöckel F. Žáček S. Nanobashvili 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1983,33(7):787-790
The work is devoted to the study of the LH wave effect on the peripheral plasma of the TM-1-MH tokamak. The observed enhancement of the ion saturated current in the limiter shadow is interpreted as heating of the peripheral ions by absorption of decay waves generated in this region due to the nonlinear wave-plasma interaction. 相似文献
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S. I. Sidorenko A. M. Taratin S. A. Vorob'ev P. A. Kotsyumakha A. I. Kurlat B. M. Sobishchanskii A. G. Khotchenkov B. F. Minaev S. I. Galko E. A. Vasil'kovskaya V. V. Gorskii V. M. Lisitsyn A. Z. Éfendiev A. M. Yunusov S. A. Sadykov A. A. Aliverdiev T. A. Borodina T. S. Minakova V. I. Perov Yu. A. Tisenko Z. F. Dmitrenko V. V. Mikho V. Ya. Galin Yu. S. Makushkin A. I. Petrova VI. G. Tyuterev A. G. Yakunin G. A. Korablev 《Russian Physics Journal》1977,20(8):1116-1122
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Knight-Scott J Farace E Simnad VI Siragy HM Manning CA 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2002,20(9):681-689
The (1)H NMR water signal from spectroscopic voxels localized in gray matter contains contributions from tissue and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). A typically weak CSF signal at short echo times makes separating the tissue and CSF spin-lattice relaxation times (T(1)) difficult, often yielding poor precision in a bi-exponential relaxation model. Simulations show that reducing the variables in the T(1) model by using known signal intensity values significantly improves the precision of the T(1) measurement. The method was validated on studies on eight healthy subjects (four males and four females, mean age 21 +/- 2 years) through a total of twenty-four spectroscopic relaxation studies. Each study included both T(1) and spin-spin relaxation (T(2)) experiments. All volumes were localized along the Sylvian fissure using a stimulated echo localization technique with a mixing time of 10 ms. The T(2) experiment consisted of 16 stimulated echo acquisitions ranging from a minimum echo time (TE) of 20 ms to a maximum of 1000 ms, with a repetition time of 12 s. All T(1) experiments consisted of 16 stimulated echo acquisition, using a homospoil saturation recovery technique with a minimum recovery time of 50 ms and a maximum 12 s. The results of the T(2) measurements provided the signal intensity values used in the bi-exponential T(1) model. The mean T(1) values when the signal intensities were constrained by the T(2) results were 1055.4 ms +/- 7.4% for tissue and 5393.5 ms +/- 59% for CSF. When the signal intensities remained free variables in the model, the mean T(1) values were 1085 ms +/- 19.4% and 5038.8 ms +/- 113.0% for tissue and CSF, respectively. The resulting improvement in precision allows the water tissue T(1) value to be included in the spectroscopic characterization of brain tissue. 相似文献
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VI. Nevoral 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1974,268(3):189-193
In the described analysis of mineral waters, after the throughflow of the sample through a column with Dowex 50 WX 12 in H+ form, the main cations are first eluted by 1.6 N HCl and then the rare earths by 6 N HCl. The latter are separated by ion-exchange chromatography on Dowex 50WX8 in NH4 + form, the elution being performed with ammonium citrate pH 4.19. The presence of rare earths in the eluate was ascertained spectrophotometrically by means of their reaction with xylenol orange in the presence of cetylpyridinium bromide. In mineral waters from the West-Bohemian spa region it was possible to find traces of trivalent La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm + Gd, Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Die schon früher vorgeschlagene Halbmikromethode zur Bestimmung der N-N-Gruppierung wurde an einer Reihe aromatischer Azoverbindungen erprobt. Sie beruht auf der Oxydation der Substanz mit einem Chromsäure-Schwefelsäure-Gemisch in einer geschlossenen Apparatur. Die Azogruppen werden als elementarer Stickstoff abgespalten, der im Azotometer gesammelt und gemessen wird. Durch die Rücktitration der unverbrauchten Chromsäure kann außerdem die Oxydationszahl der untersuchten Substanz bestimmt werden.
III. Mitteilung siehe 1. 相似文献
Summary The semimicro method previously suggested for the determination of the N-N-grouping was tested on a number of aromatic azo compounds. It is based on oxidation of the sample with a chromic-sulfuric acid mixture in a closed apparatus. The azo groups are split off as elementary nitrogen which is collected in an azotometer and measured. In addition the oxidation number of the material being studied can be found by backtitration of the unconsumed chromic acid.
Résumé On a mis à l'épreuve la semimicrométhode déjà préconisée auparavant, pour le dosage du groupe N-N, sur une série de composés azo-aromatiques. Elle repose sur l'oxydation de la substance par un mélange d'acide chromique et d'acide sulfurique, en système clos. Les groupes azoïques se trouvent dissociés à l'état d'azote élémentaire que l'on récupère et que l'on dose dans l'azotomètre. On peut déterminer, de plus, l'indice d'oxydation de la substance étudiée par titrage en retour de l'acide chromique non consommé.
III. Mitteilung siehe 1. 相似文献