Properties of Ozone-Oxidized Tapioca Starch and Its Use in Coating of Fried Peanuts

Oxidation of tapioca via ozone oxidation was carried out under different conditions in comparison with H₂O₂. The impact of ozonation on physicochemical properties of tapioca was studied and fried peanuts coated with different tapioca were characterized. Different ozone oxidation times (10, 20, and 30 min) and various pH values (5, 7, and 9) were used for tapioca modification. Tapioca oxidized by ozone for 20 min at pH 7 had higher swelling power (SP), water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), and viscosity than the native counterpart (P < 0.05). This coincided with the higher carbonyl and carboxyl contents (P < 0.05). The highest frying expansion (FE) with the lowest hardness was attained for fried peanut coated with tapioca oxidized under the aforementioned condition. Therefore, oxidation of tapioca using ozone under optimal conditions could be a potential means to improve frying expansion as well as the crispiness of the fried coated peanuts.     

Synthesis, structure and host-guest properties of (Et4N)2[Sn(IV)Ca(II)(chloranilate)4], a new type of robust microporous coordination polymer with a 2D square grid structure

Reaction of chloranilic acid with SnCl(4), Ca(NO(3))(2) and Et(4)NBF(4) in aqueous acetone yields (Et(4)N)(2)[Sn(IV)Ca(II)(can)(4)]. 2 Me(2)CO which contains 2D coordination polymer sheets of composition [Sn(IV)Ca(II)(can)(4)](2-). Both metals are 8-coordinate and act as 4-connecting nodes to form a square grid containing "square" holes. The anionic sheets are electrostatically bound together by Et(4)N(+) cations, which align the sheets so that holes are arranged directly above and below each other, generating channels perpendicular to the sheets. The acetone is easily removed, after which single crystal character is retained. Crystallographic studies indicate that (Et(4)N)(2)[Sn(IV)Ca(II)(can)(4)] is able to sorb one molecule per square hole of either acetonitrile, or CS(2). Gas sorption measurements indicate that at a pressure of 2000 kPa each square cavity sorbs two CO(2) molecules at 273 K, approximately one molecule of N(2) at 195 K and approximately 2.4 molecules of H(2) at 77 K.     

Effect of spatial heterogeneity on level of rejuvenation in Ni80P20 metallic glass

Understanding the relation between spatial heterogeneity and structural rejuvenation is one of the hottest topics in the field of metallic glasses (MGs). In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is implemented to discover the effects of initial spatial heterogeneity on the level of rejuvenation in the Ni$_{80}$P$_{20 }$MGs. For this purpose, the samples are prepared with cooling rates of $10^{10}$ K/s-$10^{12}$ K/s to make glassy alloys with different atomic configurations. Firstly, it is found that the increase in the cooling rate leads the Gaussian-type shear modulus distribution to widen, indicating the aggregations in both elastically soft and hard regions. After the primary evaluations, the elastostatic loading is also used to transform structural rejuvenation into the atomic configurations. The results indicate that the sample with intermediate structural heterogeneity prepared with 10$^{11}$ K/s exhibits the maximum structural rejuvenation which is due to the fact that the atomic configuration in an intermediate structure contains more potential sites for generating the maximum atomic rearrangement and loosely packed regions under an external excitation. The features of atomic rearrangement and structural changes under the rejuvenation process are discussed in detail.     

On the Electrical Switching Properties of Polymeric Liquid Crystals

The properties of side chain polymeric liquid crystals in an electric field are described. The polymers investigated are (A) a polysiloxan-copolymer with Cl- and OCH₃-end groups in the mesogenic side chains and (B) a polyacrylic ester homopolymer with a CN-group in the mesogenic side chain.

Applying the Fréedericksz-effect, the rise times and the passive decay times are determined. With the two-frequency technique, the active decay time is also obtained. The order of magnitude for the active decay time is about one second. The active decay time is approximately constant in a temperature region about 15 K below the clearing point.