Synthesis and thermal behaviour of salicylaldimine-based liquid crystalline symmetrical dimers

A series of symmetrical dimers consisting of salicylaldimine moieties connected by flexible alkylene central spacer via ether linkages has been synthesized. In order to validate the empirical rule suggested by Date et al. to account for the smectic behaviour of such dimers, the chain length of the terminal alkoxy chain has been kept constant (C₈) while the number of methylene units in the central spacer was varied from C₃ to C₁₁. Another aim of the present investigation was to understand structure-property relationship in these dimers in which the salicylaldimine mesogenic segment has been used for the first time in dimers. The mesomorphic behaviour of these dimers was evaluated using optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry and the structure of some of the mesophases has been further investigated with the help of X-ray diffraction. Our studies reveal that the dimers consisting of 3 to 8 methylene units in the flexible spacer show only smectic (smectic C and smectic A) phases. For the dimers containing 4, 6 and 8 methylene units in the central spacer, a unique filament growth pattern has been observed in the smectic A phase while cooling from the isotropic phase. The dimers containing of C₉ to C₁₁ methylene groups exhibit the nematic phase in addition to smectic modifications. This observation indicates that when the terminal chains are shorter than the spacer, the tendency to form smectic phases is not fully extinguished but is perhaps reduced.     

Inequivalent quantizations for non-linear σ model

We compute the homotopy groups ₀ and ₁ of the classical configuration space of anO(3) invariant field theory on ×, where is a compact two dimensional manifold for arbitrary genusg and- denotes the time coordinate. We also present the finite dimensional, unitary, irreducible, inequivalent representations of the appropriate fundamental groups and comment on some of their implications.     

Painlevé analysis,conservation laws,and symmetry of perturbed nonlinear equations

We consider the Lie-Backlund symmetries and conservation laws of a perturbed KdV equation and NLS equation. The arbitrary coefficients of the perturbing terms can be related to the condition of existence of nontrivial LB symmetry generator. When the perturbed KdV equation is subjected to Painlevé analysisa la Weiss, it is found that the resonance position changes compared to the unperturbed one. We prove the compatibility of the overdetermined set of equations obtained at the different stages of recursion relations, at least for one branch. All other branches are also indicated and difficulties associated them are discussed considering the perturbation parameter to be small. We determine the Lax pair for the aforesaid branch through the use of Schwarzian derivative. For the perturbed NLS equation we determine the conservation laws following the approach of Chen and Liu. From the recurrence of these conservation laws a Lax pair is constructed. But the Painlevé analysis does not produce a positive answer for the perturbed NLS equation. So here we have two contrasting examples of perturbed nonlinear equations: one passes the Painlevé test and its Lax pair can be found from the analysis itself, but the other equation does not meet the criterion of the Painlevé test, though its Lax pair is found in another way.     

Site-specific cleavage of human telomerase RNA using PNA-neocuproine.Zn(II) derivatives

Here we report the synthesis of a novel PNA based neocuproine.Zn RNA cleaving agent; we demonstrate that such agents sequence specifically cleave a synthetic RNA target and in particular the RNA component of human telomerase.     

THE weighted histogram analysis method for free-energy calculations on biomolecules. I. The method

The Weighted Histogram Analysis Method (WHAM), an extension of Ferrenberg and Swendsen's Multiple Histogram Technique, has been applied for the first time on complex biomolecular Hamiltonians. The method is presented here as an extension of the Umbrella Sampling method for free-energy and Potential of Mean Force calculations. This algorithm possesses the following advantages over methods that are currently employed: (1) It provides a built-in estimate of sampling errors thereby yielding objective estimates of the optimal location and length of additional simulations needed to achieve a desired level of precision; (2) it yields the “best” value of free energies by taking into account all the simulations so as to minimize the statistical errors; (3) in addition to optimizing the links between simulations, it also allows multiple overlaps of probability distributions for obtaining better estimates of the free-energy differences. By recasting the Ferrenberg–Swendsen Multiple Histogram equations in a form suitable for molecular mechanics type Hamiltonians, we have demonstrated the feasibility and robustness of this method by applying it to a test problem of the generation of the Potential of Mean Force profile of the pseudorotation phase angle of the sugar ring in deoxyadenosine. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

First example of the C-alkylation of indoles with Baylis-Hillman acetates

Baylis-Hillman acetates undergo S_N2′ allylic substitution with indoles in the presence of 20 mol % of indium tribromide under mild conditions to afford a new class of substituted indoles in high yields with (E)-stereoselectivity. The stereochemistry of the products was assigned by various NMR experiments.     

Preparation and properties of sclerotium rolfsii invertase immobilized on indion 48-R

Crude extracellular invertase fromSclerotium rolfsii, when coupled to glutaraldehyde activated Indion 48-R, retained 70–80% activity of the soluble enzyme. Immobilization resulted in a decrease in the pH and temperature optima but it increased the temperature stability. K_m and V_max also increased as a result of immobilization. Both soluble and immobilized invertase showed inhibition at high substrate concentrations. The bound enzyme showed excellent stability to repeated use and retained approx 90% of its initial activity after 8 cycles of use.