New heteroleptic palladium(II) dithiocarbamates: synthesis,characterization, packing and anticancer activity against five different cancer cell lines

Two new heteroleptic palladium(II) complexes have been synthesized by reacting equimolar quantities of palladium(II) chloride, sodium 4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazine‐1‐carbodithioate and diphenyl‐p‐tolylphosphine ( 1 ) or tri‐p‐tolylphosphine ( 2 ). Complexes 1 and 2 have been characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR (¹H, ¹³C and ³¹P) spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The latter technique confirms a pseudo square‐planar geometry in which two adjacent positions are occupied by bidentate dithiocarbamate while chloro and substituted triphenylphosphine are present at the remaining two positions. The anticancer activity of both complexes against five different cancer cell lines (LU – human lung carcinoma, established at UIC, Department of Surgical Oncology; MCF7 – human breast adenocarcinoma, ATCC number HTB‐22?; MDA‐MB‐231 – human breast adenocarcinoma, ATCC number HTB‐26?; Hepa‐1c1c7 – mouse liver hepatoma, ATCC number CRL‐2026?; PC‐3 – human prostate adenocarcinoma, ATCC number CRL‐1435?) was determined by MTT assay, revealing 2 has higher activity than 1 . A drug–calf thymus DNA binding study with UV–visible spectroscopy reveals a higher DNA binding affinity of 2 (3.511 × 10⁴ M^?1) than 1 (4.213 × 10³ M^?1). Density functional theory studies confirm the relatively more stable nature of 2 than 1 . Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of Ajoene Analogues by Novel Synthetic Strategies

Ajoene is a compound found in garlic extracts exhibiting a large range of biological activity. Novel ajoene analogues have been prepared in the search of compounds with superior bioactivity. Modifications include the alteration of the sulfoxide, the central alkene and the terminal allyl groups.     

Medicinal Properties and Bioactive Compounds from Wild Mushrooms Native to North America

Mushrooms, the fruiting bodies of fungi, are known for a long time in different cultures around the world to possess medicinal properties and are used to treat various human diseases. Mushrooms that are parts of traditional medicine in Asia had been extensively studied and this has led to identification of their bioactive ingredients. North America, while home to one of the world’s largest and diverse ecological systems, has not subjected its natural resources especially its diverse array of mushroom species for bioprospecting purposes: Are mushrooms native to North America a good source for drug discovery? In this review, we compile all the published studies up to September 2020 on the bioprospecting of North American mushrooms. Out of the 79 species that have been investigated for medicinal properties, 48 species (60%) have bioactivities that have not been previously reported. For a mere 16 selected species, 17 new bioactive compounds (10 small molecules, six polysaccharides and one protein) have already been isolated. The results from our literature search suggest that mushrooms native to North America are indeed a good source for drug discovery.     

A semiclassical adiabatic calculation of state densities for molecules exhibiting torsion: application to hydrogen peroxide and its isotopomers

A practical computational method is discussed for obtaining the rotational–vibrational molecular state densities of molecules with large amplitude torsional degrees of freedom (DoFs). This method goes beyond the traditional harmonic oscillator/rigid rotor or separable hindered rotor approximations in that it includes coupling between the torsion, the remaining vibrational modes, and the overall rotation. The method is based on the vibrationally adiabatic approximation whereby the torsional motion is assumed to be slow compared to the remaining vibrational DoFs although the nonseparability may be large. The torsional coordinate therefore parameterizes the rotational constants and the effective vibrational potential. A semiclassical method is then introduced to calculate the total state density in which the torsion is treated classically while the remaining coordinates are treated quantum mechanically. The method is also formulated for reactive problems in which the density of states is parameterized by a second large amplitude degree of freedom, the reaction coordinate. The performance of the method is assessed using the dissociation reaction of the hydrogen peroxide molecule and its isotopomers. It is found that the method performs well based on numerical tests. The torsional nonseparability is found to yield errors of factors of 2–3 in the statistical rate coefficient when compared with results of traditional separable models.     

Characterization of an actively linearized ultrabroadband chirped laser with a fiber-laser optical frequency comb

The optical frequency sweep of an actively linearized, ultrabroadband, chirped laser source is characterized through optical heterodyne detection against a fiber-laser frequency comb. Frequency sweeps were measured over approximately 5 THz bandwidths from 1530 nm to 1570 nm. The dominant deviation from linearity resulted from the nonzero dispersion of the fiber delay used as a reference for the sweep linearization. Removing the low-order dispersion effects, the residual sweep nonlinearity was less than 60 kHz rms, corresponding to a constant chirp with less than 15 ppb deviation across the 5 THz sweep.     

Synthesis,Chemical Characterization,DNA Interaction and Antioxidant,Studies of New Nitrosubstituted Thioureas and Their Copper Complexes

In the present work new nitro substituted thioureas, and their copper complexes have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR and multinuclear NMR techniques. Some of the compounds namely 1‐benzoyl‐3‐(4‐chloro‐3‐nitrophenyl) thiourea (A‐1), 1‐benzoyl‐3‐(4‐chloro‐3‐nitrophenyl) thiourea (A‐2) and 1‐benzoyl‐3‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitrophenyl) thiourea (A‐2) have also been characterized by single crystal XRD. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for DNA binding potencies (using cyclic voltametry, UV‐vis spectroscopy) and free radical scavanging activities.     

Inequalities Concerning The Maximum Modulus of Polynomials

Let P(z) be a polynomial of degree n having all its zeros in |z|≤k, k ≤1, then for every real or complex number β, with |β|≤ 1 and R ≥ 1, it was shown by A.Zireh et al. [7] that for |z|=1,min|z|=1|P(Rz)+β((R+k)/(1+k))~nP(z)|≥k~(-n)|R~n+β((R+k)/(1+k))~n|min|z|=k|P(z)|.In this paper, we shall present a refinement of the above inequality. Besides, we shall also generalize some well-known results.     

Langmuir probe and spectroscopic studies of RF generated helium-nitrogen mixture plasma

This paper reports the effect of helium percentage variation in a capacitive RF helium-nitrogen mixture plasma on various plasma parameters and concentration of nitrogen active species (N₂(C³Π _u) and N₂ ⁺(B²Σ _u ⁺)). Langmuir probe is used for determination of electron energy distribution functions, effective electron temperature, plasma potential and electron density. Optical emission spectroscopy is used for determination of electron temperature from Boltzmann's plot of He–I lines and the relative changes in the concentration of active species by measuring the emission intensities of nitrogen (0-0) bands of the second positive and the first negative systems. The results demonstrate that electron temperature, electron density and concentration of active species increase significantly with increase in helium percentage in the mixture and RF power.