Investigation into the ROMP copolymerization of peptide‐ and PEG‐functionalized norbornene derivatives

The ring‐opening metathesis polymerizations (ROMP), using RuCl₂ (PCy₃)₂CHPh, of a series of peptide‐functionalized norbornene derivatives have been investigated. Incorporation of a PEG‐monomer was found to prevent premature precipitation of polymer strands during the course of polymerization reactions and yield water compatible polymers in high conversions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3178–3190, 2007     

The Livsic Cocycle Equation for Compact Lie Group Extensions of Hyperbolic Systems

In this article we extend well-known results of Livsic on theregularity of measurable solutions to the cocycle equation.Livsic proved a regularity result for real valued cocycles,but for compact Lie group valued cocycles his result was restrictedto coboundaries (that is, trivial or constant cocycles). Inthis article we prove the complete result. We present several useful applications of these results.     

水下光通信PPM数字接收机的DSP实现

水下光通信充分利用了海水对激光的衰减窗口效应,具有隐蔽、安全、非接触和快速机动等特性,兼具无线通信和光纤通信的优点,其关键技术在于光收发端机的研制;PPM(Pulse Position Modulation)数字脉冲位置调制具有低平均功率和高峰值功率等特性,特别适合用于无线数字光通信。两者性能的融合需要高灵敏度数字光接收机的实现。利用阵列光电检测接收、高速A/D转换和信号处理等相关技术,采用DSP处理器,高灵敏度的数字光PPM接收机得以实现,实验和测试表明它大大降低了接收机对于整个系统信噪比的要求,获得了较好的性能。     

Three Types of Expression in Dark-Soliton Perturbation Theory Based on Squared Jost Solutions

Three types of expression in the dark-soliton perturbation theory based on squared Jost solutions are invesgigaged in ghis paper. It is shown that there are three formally different results about the effects of perturbagion on a dark soliton, and it is proved by means of a transformation between two integral variables that they are essentially equivalent.     

Solid-phase synthesis of imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones and related urea derivatives by cyclative cleavage of a carbamate linkage

A solid-phase synthesis of substituted cyclic urea derivatives as potential heterocyclic library scaffolds is described. 2-Amino-3-nitropyridine is attached to Wang resin via a carbamate linkage. Reduction of the nitro group was achieved with SnCl(2).2H(2)O. Reductive alkylation with a range of substituted benzaldehydes followed by cyclative cleavage afforded a small library of 3-substituted imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-ones in 33-45% yield and 59-88% purity. Subsequently, this methodology was applied to the synthesis of 3-substituted imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-ones.     

Radiochemical methods in nuclear waste management

Radiochemical techniques play an important role in nuclear waste management studies at the Centre for Analytical Research in the Environment. Current research includes the measurement of atmospheric emissions from a reprocessing plant, modelling of environmental pathways, and evaluation of reactor materials for the prediction of releases from ultimate disposal sites. A radiochemical separation procedure has been developed for¹²⁹I, which has been applied to a study of emissions from the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant. Atmospheric emissions, rainfall, grass, milk and wild food are analysed to model the ultimate fate of¹²⁹I. A new procedure has been developed for measuring sub-ppm concentrations of chlorine in archive steel samples as part of programme to produce an inventory of arisings of³⁶Cl from nuclear power stations. The method has been extended to other reactor materials and this paper describes the application of the radiochemical method for Magnox alloys, mild steel and cast iron.     

Functionalized pyridylboronic acids and their Suzuki cross-coupling reactions to yield novel heteroarylpyridines

2-Bromo-5-pyridylboronic acid 2a, 2-chloro-5-pyridylboronic acid 2b, 2-methoxy-5-pyridylboronic acid 2c, and 5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-pyridylboronic acid 4 have been synthesized and shown to undergo palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with heteroaryl bromides to yield novel heteroarylpyridine derivatives. The X-ray crystal structures of 2a and 2b have been obtained.     

Templating and selection in the formation of macrocycles containing [[P(micro-NtBu)(2)](micro-NH)](n) frameworks: observation of halide ion coordination

Amination of [ClP(micro-NtBu)](2) (1) using NH(3) in THF gives the cyclophospha(III)zane dimer [H(2)NP(micro-NtBu)](2) (2), in good yield. (31)P NMR spectroscopic studies of the reaction of 1 with 2 in THF/Et(3)N show that almost quantitative formation of the cyclic tetramer [[P(micro-NtBu)](2)(micro-NH)](4) (3) occurs. The remarkable selectivity of this reaction can (in part) be attributed to pre-organisation of 1 and 2, which prefer cis arrangements in the solid state and solution. The macrocycle 3 can be isolated in yields of 58-67 % using various reaction scales. The isolation of the major by-product of the reaction (ca. 0.5-1 % of samples of 3), the pentameric, host-guest complex [[P(micro-NtBu)(2)](2)(micro-NH)](5)(HCl).2 THF] (4.2 THF), gives a strong indication of the mechanism involved. In situ (31)P NMR spectroscopic studies support a stepwise condensation mechanism in which Cl(-) ions play an important role in templating and selection of 3 and 4. Amplification of the pentameric arrangement occurs in the presence of excess LiX (X=Cl, Br, I). In addition, the cyclisation reaction is solvent- and anion-dependent. The X-ray structures of 2 and 4.2 THF are reported.     

Cumulative neutron activation of short-lived radionuclides for the analysis of large samples in mineral exploration

Cumulative neutron activation is used to determine mg/kg concentrations of gold in rock samples, weighing 10 g. Twenty 0.5 g replicates are irradiated in an epithermal-neutron flux for 5 s and counted for 14 s. The twenty spectra are summed, and gold is measured with the 279 keV gamma-ray of^197mAu (7.2 s). Total analysis time for a 10 g sample is 400 s and detection limits around 2 mg/kg are achieved in gold ores, sulfides and silicates.