Synthesis of bismuth titanate with urea as fuel by solution combustion route and its dielectric and ferroelectric properties

Preparation of ferroelectric bismuth titanate (Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂) is carried out by solution combustion route with urea as fuel at much lower calcinations temperatures. The single phase bismuth titanate was obtained after calcinations at 800 °C. SEM micrographs of the calcined powders show agglomerated, flaky and foamy morphology, which is typical of combustion synthesis and that of sintered ceramics shows the grain formation. Behavior of dielectric constant and dielectric loss as a function of temperature of as-prepared sample are reported in this communication. Ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition occurs at the temperature T_c ∼ 660 °C. Its remnant polarization (2P_r) is very less of the order of 0.012 μC/cm².     

Dielectric properties of Bismuth Titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) synthesized using solution combustion route

Ferroelectric Bismuth Titanate (Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂) was prepared by solution combustion route with glycine as fuel. The single phase Bismuth Titanate was obtained after calcination at 800 °C, which was confirmed with the help of X-ray diffraction studies and EDS analysis. SEM micrographs of the calcined powders show agglomerated particles, which is typical of combustion synthesis. Behavior of dielectric constant and dielectric loss as a function of temperature of as prepared sample are reported here. Ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition occurs at the temperature T_c∼650 °C. Impedance studies were made in the frequency range from 1 KHz to 1 MHz. The semicircles observed in the complex impedance diagrams indicate deviation from the Debye behavior. Activation energy of the sample around T_c is found to be ∼0.35 eV and below T_c is ∼0.13 eV, which was calculated using the Arrhenius plots.