Local thermodynamics of KS black hole

We study the thermodynamics of the KS black hole which is an asymptotically flat solution of the HL gravity. In particular, we introduce a cavity to describe the thermodynamics at a finite isothermal surface on general ground and to get a well-defined thermodynamics. We show that there exists a locally stable small black hole which tunnels to the hot flat space below the critical temperature and to the large black hole above the critical temperature. Moreover, it turns out that the remnant decays into the vacuum through a quantum tunneling.     

Characteristics of polypropylene biocomposites: effect of chemical treatment to produce cellulose microparticle

Cellulose - In this study, cellulose microparticle were prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis, glyoxal crosslinking and acetylation followed by air classifying mill, and their properties including...     

Regeneration of kidney tissue using in vitro cultured fetal kidney cells

Transplanting fetal kidney cells (FKCs) can regenerate kidney. This requires in vitro expansion in cell number to acquire enough cells for transplantation. However, FKCs may change their cellular characteristics during expansion and, thus, may not regenerate kidney tissue upon transplantation. We investigated how cell culture period affects cellular characteristics and in vivo regenerative potential of FKCs. As the passage number increased, cell growth rate and colony forming ability decreased while senescence and apoptosis increased. To examine in vivo regenerative potential, FKCs cultured through different numbers of passages were implanted into the parenchyma of kidneys of immunodeficient mice using fibrin gel for 4 wk. Histological analyses showed passage-dependent kidney tissue regeneration, and the regeneration was better when cells from lower number of passages were implanted. This result shows that in vitro culture of FKCs significantly affects the cell characteristics and in vivo tissue regenerative potential.     

Formation of double front detonations of a condensed-phase explosive with powdered aluminium

The performance characteristics of aluminised high explosive are considered by varying the aluminium (Al) mass fraction in a hybrid non-ideal detonation model. Since the time scales of the characteristic induction and combustion of high explosives and Al particles differ, the process of energy release behind the leading detonation wave front occurs over an extended period of time. Two cardinal observations are reported: a decrease in detonation velocity with an increase in Al mass fraction and a double front detonation (DFD) feature when anaerobic Al reaction occurs behind the front. In order to simulate the performance characteristics due to the varying Al mass fraction, the tetrahexamine tetranitramine (HMX) is considered as a base high explosive when formulating the multiphase conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy exchanges between particles and HMX product gases. While experimental studies have been reported on the effect of Al mass fraction on both gas-phase and solid-phase detonations, the numerical investigations have been limited to only gas-phase detonation for the varying Al particles in the mixture. In the current study, a two-phase model is utilised for understanding the volumetric effects of Al mass fraction in condensed phase detonations. A series of unconfined and confined rate sticks are considered for characterising the performance of aluminised HMX with a maximum Al mass fraction of 50%. The simulated results are compared with the experimental data for 5–25% mass fractions, and the higher mass fraction behaviours are consistent with the experimental observations.     

Novel fabrication route for carbon-free and dense CuInSe2 (CIS) thin films via a non-vacuum process for solar cell application

Carbon-free CuInSe₂ (CIS) thin film with a dense microstructure has been prepared using a novel non-vacuum based fabrication route. Cu_xS_y and In₂Se₃ binary nanoparticles, approximately 10 nm in size, were synthesized by a low temperature colloidal process. The precursor film was deposited using the coating ink formulated with the binary nanoparticles and pyridine, and then annealed in the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) chamber at 540 °C for 15 min under selenium (Se) atmosphere. Scanning electron micrographs, X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra showed a phase pure carbon-free and dense CIS thin film was prepared in this method. A solar cell device fabricated using this CIS thin film showed the following photovoltaic characteristics: V_OC = 350 mV, J_SC = 24.72 mA cm⁻², FF = 38.73% and η = 3.36% under standard AM 1.5 condition.     

Quantitative determination of aceclofenac and its three major metabolites in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS

We developed a method for the simultaneous quantification of aceclofenac and its three major metabolites in rat plasma. After protein precipitation with acetonitrile including flufenamic acid as an internal standard (IS), aceclofenac, diclofenac, 4'-hydroxyaceclofenac, 4'-hydroxydiclofenac, and the IS were chromatographed on a reverse-phase C18 analytical column. The isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile/0.1% formic acid (aq; 9:1 [v/v]) was eluted at 0.3 mL/min. Quantification was performed on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization, and the ion transitions were monitored in selective reaction-monitoring mode. The coefficient of variation in the assay precision was less than 8%, and the accuracy was 92-103%. This method was successfully used to measure the concentrations of aceclofenac and its three major metabolites in rat plasma following the oral administration of a single 20 mg/kg oral dose of aceclofenac.     

Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Hepatotoxicity Risk in Patients Receiving Nilotinib

Background: Although nilotinib hepatotoxicity can cause severe clinical conditions and may alter treatment plans, risk factors affecting nilotinib-induced hepatotoxicity have not been investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the factors affecting nilotinib-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed on patients using nilotinib from July of 2015 to June of 2020. We estimated the odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio from univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. Several machine learning models were developed to predict risk factors of hepatotoxicity occurrence. The area under the curve (AUC) was analyzed to assess clinical performance. Results: Among 353 patients, the rate of patients with grade I or higher hepatotoxicity after nilotinib administration was 40.8%. Male patients and patients who received nilotinib at a dose of ≥300 mg had a 2.3-fold and a 3.5-fold increased risk for hepatotoxicity compared to female patients and compared with those who received <300 mg, respectively. H2 blocker use decreased hepatotoxicity by 11.6-fold. The area under the curve (AUC) values of machine learning methods ranged between 0.61–0.65 in this study. Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of H2 blockers was a reduced risk of nilotinib-induced hepatotoxicity, whereas male gender and a high dose were associated with increased hepatotoxicity.     

Geodesic motions in extraordinary string geometry

The geodesic properties of the stationary vacuum string solution in (4+1) dimensions with momentum flow along the string direction are analyzed by using Hamilton-Jacobi method. The geodesic motions show distinct properties from those of the static one. Especially, any freely falling particle can not arrive at the horizon or singularity. To get into the horizon, a particle need to follow a non-geodesic trajectory. There exist stable null circular orbits and bouncing timelike and null geodesics. In the asymptotic geometry, some geodesics will be repelled by the string contrary to the case of Kerr-Neumann black hole. The light bending effect will be minimized at an impact parameter determined by the angular momentum and energy.