Detecting the Critical States of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Degree Matrix Network Entropy by Cross-Tissue Analysis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease caused by multiple etiologies, the development of which can be divided into three states: normal state, critical state/pre-disease state, and disease state. To avoid irreversible development, it is important to detect the early warning signals before the onset of T2DM. However, detecting critical states of complex diseases based on high-throughput and strongly noisy data remains a challenging task. In this study, we developed a new method, i.e., degree matrix network entropy (DMNE), to detect the critical states of T2DM based on a sample-specific network (SSN). By applying the method to the datasets of three different tissues for experiments involving T2DM in rats, the critical states were detected, and the dynamic network biomarkers (DNBs) were successfully identified. Specifically, for liver and muscle, the critical transitions occur at 4 and 16 weeks. For adipose, the critical transition is at 8 weeks. In addition, we found some “dark genes” that did not exhibit differential expression but displayed sensitivity in terms of their DMNE score, which is closely related to the progression of T2DM. The information uncovered in our study not only provides further evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms of T2DM but may also assist in the development of strategies to prevent this disease.     

A J-aggregated nanoporphyrin overcoming phototoxic side effects in superior phototherapy with two-pronged effects

Phototherapy has been a promising therapeutic modality for pathological tissue due to its spatiotemporal selectivity and non-invasive characteristics. However, as a core component of phototherapy, a single photosensitizer (PS) nanoplatform integrating excellent therapeutic efficiency and minimal side effects remains an urgent but unmet need. Here, we construct a J-aggregated nano-porphyrin termed MTE based on the self-assembly of methyl-pheophorbide a derivative MPa-TEG (MT) and natural polyphenolic compound epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Due to the synergistic interaction between similar large π-conjugated structural EGCG and MT, MTE with small and uniform size is obtained by effectively hindering Ostwald ripening of MT. Noteworthily, MTE not only effectively avoids the inadvertent side effects of phototoxicity during transport thank to the ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, but also achieves two-pathway augmented superior phototherapy: (1) enhancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) via inhibiting the expression of anti-apoptosis protein surviving; (2) achieving adjuvant mild-temperature laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) via reducing the tumor thermoresistance on account that MTE inhibits the overexpression of HSP 70 and HSP 90. This research not only offers a facile strategy to construct multicomponent nanoplatforms but also provides a new pathway for efficient and low-toxicity phototherapy, which is beneficial to the future clinical application.

J-aggregated nanoporphyrin (MTE) integrates minimal side effects and two-pathway augmented superior phototherapy: enhancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) and achieving adjuvant mild-temperature laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT).     

Enantioseparation and molecular modeling study of eight psychoactive drugs on a coated polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase

The enantioseparation of eight psychoactive drugs has been firstly performed on a coated cellulose-based chiral stationary phase (Chiralcel OJ-H). To obtain optimum separation conditions, the influences of alcohol modifiers and basic/acidic additives have been studied. As a result, except for the partial separation of oxybutynin enantiomers, the other seven drug enantiomers, including mirtazapine, sulpiride, promethazine, citalopram, oxazepam, donepezil, and cyamemazine, have been completely separated. Additionally, for gaining a better insight into the chiral recognition mechanisms, molecular docking was carried out using the Autodock software. Herein, binding energy and conformations of the chiral stationary phase complexes were provided, and it was found that the distinction in enantiomeric conformation determined the number and strength of intermolecular interactions between analytes and chiral stationary phase which resulted in the difference in binding energies of two enantiomers, and ultimately led to the different migration. These modeling results were in accordance with the observed enantioseparation results in high performance liquid chromatography experiments. At last, chiral separation mechanisms have been discussed in detail, and it has been confirmed that hydrogen bond, π–π, hydrophobic interactions, and some special interactions synergistically contributed to the enantioseparation of psychoactive drugs.     

非即变相位共轭反馈对半导体激光器动态特性的影响

从四波混频产生相位共轭的物理原因出发,定义了相位共轭镜（PCM）的响应时间．建立起非即变相位共轭反馈条件下半导体激光器的外腔模型。以响应时间及频率失调为参变量,对其分岔及噪声等动态行为进行数值分析。结果表明,不考虑噪声影响时,增加相位共轭镜响应时间会使混沌带出现的次数和范围得到较大的抑制,当响应时间增大到1．5ns时,混沌带消失,半导体激光器保持稳定的单周期状态;考虑噪声影响后,随若响应时间的相对强度噪声（RIN）可减小几dB甚至十几dB,产生突变需要的反馈量也增大一个数量级以上,且其频谱的峰值向高频方向移动;另外,由于共轭反馈引起的频率失调低于半导体激光器激射频率3个数量级以上．它只对分岔特性有影响．对相对强度噪声的影响几乎为零。     

东海区海岸带景观格局变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

对大尺度、长时序的海岸带景观格局和生态系统服务价值(ecosystem services value,ESV)的研究,有利于更好地促进区域生态系统保护工作的开展。以1990,1995,2000,2005,2010,2015年6期遥感影像解译结果为基础,对东海区海岸带景观格局变化特征和ESV时空演变进行了分析,并探讨了ESV与景观格局变化二者间的关系。结果表明,1990—2015年的25 a间,受人类活动的影响,东海区海岸带农田和海域面积大量减少,建设用地面积大幅增加;在所研究的5类地貌类型中,除中起伏山地外,其余地貌类型景观面积转移都较为剧烈。25 a间东海区海岸带斑块数量、斑块密度、边界密度、shannon多样性指数等不断增加,景观破碎化、复杂化、多样化增强。农田景观的最大斑块指数、形态指数、边界密度等变化均较大。东海区海岸带ESV呈先增加后减小的趋势,其中森林景观对ESV总量贡献最大;水文调节、生物多样性维持、气候调节、土壤保持、废物处理和气体调节是东海区海岸带主要的生态系统服务功能;在空间上表现出以单位面积中、低ESV为主导的空间分布,高、极高和极低ESV分布较少。研究区ESV总量与农田和海域以及水域和建设用地面积显著相关;与斑块密度、边界密度和形态指数呈显著负相关。同时,食物生产、气体调节、气候调节、土壤保持和生物多样性维持的服务价值与景观指数间均显著相关。     

东南沿海景观格局及其生态风险演化研究——以宁波北仑区为例

以宁波北仑区1990,1995,2000,2005,2010,2015年6期LandsatTM/OLI遥感影像为数据源,提取景观格局数据,进行景观格局及其生态风险区时空演化特征分析.结果表明:(1)研究区的主要景观类型是林地与耕地,景观演化的主要特征表现为建设用地景观面积大量增加,耕地景观面积明显减少,区域景观破碎化愈加明显;(2)25a间,研究区内低生态风险区大量减少,而中、较高和高生态风险区面积大大增加;高生态风险区主要分布于北部平原地区,重心向西南方向移动,人类活动使山麓地带大量低生态风险区转变为较低生态风险区;(3)1990~2015年,研究区内由低等级转向高等级的生态风险区面积占研究区总面积的42.5%;前期以低生态风险区、较低生态风险区转向中生态风险区为主,后阶段以中生态风险区转向较高生态风险区、高生态风险区的比例有所增加;1990~1995年、2000~2005年、2010~2015年3个时间段生态风险转换面积较大.     

All-silicon chiral metasurfaces and wavefront shaping assisted by interference

The usage of full-color imaging in digital pathology produces significant results. Compared with a grayscale image or a pseudocolor image containing contrast information, a full-color image can identify and detect the target object better with color texture information. Fourier ptychographic microscopy(FPM) is a high-throughput computational imaging technique that breaks the tradeoff between high resolution(HR) and a large field of view. It also eliminates the artifacts of scanning and stitching in digital pathology and improves its imaging efficiency. However, the conventional full-color digital pathology based on FPM is still time-consuming because of the repeated experiments with tri-wavelengths. A color transfer FPM approach termed "CFPM" was reported. The color texture information of a low-resolution full-color pathologic image is directly transferred to the HR grayscale FPM image captured by only a single wavelength. Both of the color space of FPM based on the standard CIE-XYZ color model and the display based on the standard RGB color space were established. Different FPM colorization schemes were analyzed and compared with 30 biological samples. Three types of evaluation approaches were provided, including the root-mean-square error(RMSE), the difference maps, and the image histogram cosine similarity. The average RMSE values of the conventional method and CFPM compared with the ground truth were 5.3% and 5.7%, respectively. Therefore, the reconstruction time is significantly reduced by 2/3 with the sacrifice of precision of only 0.4%. The CFPM method is also compatible with advanced fast FPM approaches to further reduce computation time.     

Multivalent Aptamer-modified DNA Origami as Drug Delivery System for Targeted Cancer Therapy

In spite of great development in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems(DDSs)for improved therapeutic efficacy,it remains challenging for effective delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to targeted tumor cells.In this work,we report a triangle DNA origami as targeted DDS for cancer therapy.DNA origami shows excellent biocompatibility and stability in cell culture medium for 24 h.In addition,the DNA origami structures conjugated with multivalent aptamers enable for efficient delivery of anticancer drug doxorubicin(Dox)into targeted cancer cell due to their targeting function,reducing side effects associated with nonspecific distribution.Moreover,we also demonstrated that the multivalent aptamer-modified DNA origami loading Dox exhibits prominent therapeutic efficacy in vitro.Accordingly,this work provides a good paradigm for the development of DNA origami nanostructure-based targeted DDS for cancer therapy.     

Regularity and projective dimension of edge ideals

In this paper, we study the regularity and projective dimension of edge ideals. We provide two upper bounds for the regularity of edge ideals of vertex decomposable graphs in terms of the induced matching number and the number of cycles. Also, we generalize one of the upper bounds given by Dao and Schweig for the projective dimension of hypergraphs.     

线性等式约束下线性模型中BLU估计的稳健性

研究了线性等式约束下线性模型中BLU估计关于协方差的稳健性,得到了在协方差发生变化时,条件可估函数c′β的条件BLU估计具有稳健性的充要条件.