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Robert G. Gilbert Alex C. Wu Mitchell A. Sullivan Gonzalo E. Sumarriva Natascha Ersch Jovin Hasjim 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(28):8969-8980
Two highly branched glucose polymers with similar structures—starch and glycogen—have important relations to human health. Slowly digestible and resistant starches have desirable health benefits, including the prevention and alleviation of metabolic diseases and prevention of colon cancer. Glycogen is important in regulating the use of glucose in the body, and diabetic subjects have an anomaly in their glycogen structure compared with that in healthy subjects. This paper reviews the biosynthesis–structure–property relations of these polymers, showing that polymer characterization produces knowledge which can be useful in producing healthier foods and new drug targets aimed at improving glucose storage in diabetic patients. Examples include mathematical modeling to design starch with better nutritional values, the effects of amylose fine structures on starch digestibility, the structure of slowly digested starch collected from in vitro and in vivo digestion, and the mechanism of the formation of glycogen α particles from β particles in healthy subjects. A new method to overcome a current problem in the structural characterization of these polymers using field-flow fractionation is also given, through a technique to calibrate evaporative light scattering detection with starch. Figure
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This communication is an announcement of the availability on the Internet of a computer output of discontinuous buffer systems operative at pH 2.5-11.0, 0 degrees C and 25 degrees C, generated by the theory and program of T. M. Jovin. The output and instructions for its use can be accessed under http://www.buffers.nichd.nih.gov. 相似文献
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To shed light on the role of cell rheology and mechanotransduction in various physiological and disease states, different techniques of force application, such as optical tweezers and deformable substrates, are employed. In this present paper we describe a new approach for the deformation of cells based on the temperature-sensitive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM. In response to temperature changes, PNIPAM gels undergo extensive and reversible changes in volume that allow them to be used as actuators for stretching and compressing cells and tissues. Herein we focus mainly on our experience with the deformation of red blood cells as proof of principle, and demonstrate the wealth of possibilities such stimuli-responsive materials may offer as actuators. 相似文献
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Wouter Caarls M. Soledad Celej Alexander P. Demchenko Thomas M. Jovin 《Journal of fluorescence》2010,20(1):181-190
Fluorescence probes with multiparametric response based on the relative variation in the intensities of several emission bands
are of great general utility. An accurate interpretation of the system requires the determination of the number, positions
and intensities of the spectral components. We have developed a new algorithm for spectral deconvolution that is applicable
to fluorescence probes exhibiting a two-state ground-state equilibrium and a two-state excited-state reaction. Three distinct
fluorescence emission bands are resolved, with a distribution of intensities that is excitation-wavelength-dependent. The
deconvolution of the spectrum into individual components is based on their representation as asymmetric Siano-Metzler log-normal
functions. The application of the algorithm to the solvation response of a 3-hydroxychromone (3HC) derivative that exhibits
an H-bonding-dependent excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction allowed the separation of the spectral
signatures characteristic of polarity and hydrogen bonding. This example demonstrates the ability of the method to characterize
two potentially uncorrelated parameters characterizing dye environment and interactions. 相似文献
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Binolfi A Rasia RM Bertoncini CW Ceolin M Zweckstetter M Griesinger C Jovin TM Fernández CO 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2006,128(30):9893-9901
The aggregation of alpha-synuclein (AS) is characteristic of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative synucleinopathies. Interactions with metal ions affect dramatically the kinetics of fibrillation of AS in vitro and are proposed to play a potential role in vivo. We recently showed that Cu(II) binds at the N-terminus of AS with high affinity (K(d) approximately 0.1 microM) and accelerates its fibrillation. In this work we investigated the binding features of the divalent metal ions Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II), and Ni(II), and their effects on AS aggregation. By exploiting the different paramagnetic properties of these metal ions, NMR spectroscopy provides detailed information about the protein-metal interactions at the atomic level. The divalent metal ions bind preferentially and with low affinity (millimolar) to the C-terminus of AS, the primary binding site being the (119)DPDNEA(124) motif, in which Asp121 acts as the main anchoring residue. Combined with backbone residual dipolar coupling measurements, these results suggest that metal binding is not driven exclusively by electrostatic interactions but is mostly determined by the residual structure of the C-terminus of AS. A comparative analysis with Cu(II) revealed a hierarchal effect of AS-metal(II) interactions on AS aggregation kinetics, dictated by structural factors corresponding to different protein domains. These findings reveal a strong link between the specificity of AS-metal(II) interactions and the enhancement of aggregation of AS in vitro. The elucidation of the structural basis of AS metal binding specificity is then required to elucidate the mechanism and clarify the role of metal-protein interactions in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. 相似文献
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Pelah A Ludueña SJ Jares-Erijman EA Szleifer I Pietrasanta LI Jovin TM 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2006,22(23):9682-9686
Stimuli-responsive polymers are used in a large variety of applications due to the controlled manner in which their physical properties can be reversibly altered. In this study, we demonstrate the thermoreversible structuring of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based polymer. By temperature-controlled atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that polymer aggregates form on mica above the polymer lower critical solution temperature and disperse below it, and in so doing, display positional "memory" in that the nanodomains are retained in the same positions and with the same shapes during repeated cooling/heating cycles. Such positional "memory" may be useful for multiple applications in nano-microscale devices. 相似文献