Stationary State Entanglement of Two Atoms Inside an Optical Cavity under Noise

In this paper, the entanglement properties of a system of two atoms inside an optical cavity in a stochastic interaction with field are studied by the Jaynes-Cummings Model. The phase telegraph noise is considered as a noise term and an exact solution to the model is obtained. The solution reveals the resulting decoherence effects of the noise on the entanglement properties of the system. It shows that under the noise the individual atoms do not entangle with the cavity field. However, a strong atom-atom entanglement is observed in a stationary state. It is seen that a relatively strong noise is cooperative in the construction of the steady state atom-atom entanglement.     

Entropy Correlations and Entanglement of a Superconducting Charge Qubitin a Resonant Cavity in the Presence of Noise

We study the dynamics of the entropy correlations and entanglement in a system of interaction of a superconducting charge qubit with a single-mode resonant cavity subject to noise considered as two-state random phase telegraph noise. We show that although the noise has an apparent suppressing effect on the evolution of the entropies of the qubit and the field and also on the entanglement in the system, the entropy exchange between the qubit and the
field is independent of it during the time evolution of the system.     

Synthesis,Characterization, Electronic and Gas‐Sensing Properties towards H2 and CO of Transparent,Large‐Area,Low‐Layer Graphene

Low‐layered, transparent graphene is accessible by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique on a Ni‐catalyst layer, which is deposited on a <100> silicon substrate. The number of graphene layers on the substrate is controlled by the grain boundaries in the Ni‐catalyst layer and can be studied by micro Raman analysis. Electrical studies showed a sheet resistance (R_sheet) of approximately 1435 Ω per □, a contact resistance (R_c) of about 127 Ω, and a specific contact resistance (R_sc) of approximately 2.8×10^?4 Ω cm² for the CVD graphene samples. Transistor output characteristics for the graphene sample demonstrated linear current/voltage behavior. A current versus voltage (I_ds–V_ds) plot clearly indicates a p‐conducting characteristic of the synthesized graphene. Gas‐sensor measurements revealed a high sensor activity of the low‐layer graphene material towards H₂ and CO. At 300 °C, a sensor response of approximately 29 towards low H₂ concentrations (1 vol %) was observed, which is by a factor of four higher than recently reported.     

A face-based monolithic approach for the incompressible magnetohydrodynamics equations

A novel numerical algorithm has been developed to solve the incompressible resistive magnetohydrodynamics equations in a fully coupled form. The numerical method is based on the face-centered unstructured finite volume approximation, where the velocity and magnetic field vector components are defined at the center of edges/faces; meanwhile, the pressure term is defined at element centroid. In order to enforce a divergence-free magnetic field, the gradient of a scalar Lagrange multiplier is introduced into the induction equation. A special attention will be given to satisfy the continuity equation and the Gauss' law for magnetism within each element and the summation of the equations can be exactly reduced to the domain boundary. The first modification to the original algorithm involves the evaluation of the convective fluxes over the two neighboring elements, where the discrete continuity equations are exactly satisfied. The second modification is based on the neglecting electric field term from the Lorentz force in two dimensions. The resulting large-scale algebraic linear equations are solved in a fully coupled manner using the one- and two-level restricted additive Schwarz preconditioners to avoid any time step restrictions forced by stability requirements. The spatial convergence of the algorithm is confirmed by solving the Hartmann flow, and then the algorithm is applied to the classical lid-driven cavity and backward facing step benchmark problems in two and three dimensions. The lid-driven cavity flow calculations at relatively high Stuart numbers indicate the perfect braking effect of the magnetic field in two dimensions.     

Control of Sudden Death of Entanglement by Transient Effects

We investigate the properties of entanglement between an isolated atom and a Jaynes-Cummings atom in the presence of transient effects. These effects are due to the modulation of the atom-field coupling whose explicit time-dependence is considered for the case of the linear sweep. We show that the sudden death of entanglement can be controlled by the transient effects. These effects can suppress the sudden death of entanglement in time.     

Tetraamine‐Derived Bifunctional Chelators for Technetium‐99m Labelling: Synthesis,Bioconjugation and Evaluation as Targeted SPECT Imaging Probes for GRP‐Receptor‐Positive Tumours

Owing to its optimal nuclear properties, ready availability, low cost and favourable dosimetry, ^99mTc continues to be the ideal radioisotope for medical‐imaging applications. Bifunctional chelators based on a tetraamine framework exhibit facile complexation with Tc(V)O₂ to form monocationic species with high in vivo stability and significant hydrophilicity, which leads to favourable pharmacokinetics. The synthesis of a series of 1,4,8,11‐tetraazaundecane derivatives ( 01 – 06 ) containing different functional groups at the 6‐position for the conjugation of biomolecules and subsequent labelling with ^99mTc is described herein. The chelator 01 was used as a starting material for the facile synthesis of chelators functionalised with OH ( 02 ), N₃ ( 04 ) and O‐succinyl ester ( 05 ) groups. A straightforward and easy synthesis of carboxyl‐functionalised tetraamine‐based chelator 06 was achieved by using inexpensive and commercially available starting materials. Conjugation of 06 to a potent bombesin‐antagonist peptide and subsequent labelling with ^99mTc afforded the radiotracer ^99mTc‐N4‐BB‐ANT, with radiolabelling yields of >97 % at a specific activity of 37 GBq μmol^?1. An IC₅₀ value of (3.7±1.3) nM was obtained, which confirmed the high affinity of the conjugate to the gastrin‐releasing‐peptide receptor (GRPr). Immunofluorescence and calcium mobilisation assays confirmed the strong antagonist properties of the conjugate. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies of ^99mTc‐N4‐BB‐ANT showed high and specific uptake in PC3 xenografts and in other GRPr‐positive organs. The tumour uptake was (22.5±2.6) % injected activity per gram (% IA g^?1) at 1 h post injection (p.i.). and increased to (29.9±4.0) % IA g^?1 at 4 h p.i. The SPECT/computed tomography (CT) images showed high tumour uptake, clear background and negligible radioactivity in the abdomen. The promising preclinical results of ^99mTc‐N4‐BB‐ANT warrant its potential candidature for clinical translation.     

Linear parameter varying feedforward control synthesis using parameter-dependent Lyapunov function

This paper presents the dynamic feedforward control synthesis for linear parameter varying (LPV) systems. It is assumed that all system matrices are dependent on varying parameters, which are measurable with sensor or observable. The parameters have bounded variation rates. Parameter-dependent Lyapunov function is used for the feedforward control synthesis such that the robust stability is assured for all varying parameters at the time of the operation. The method is formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities for LPV feedforward controller that guarantees the stability of the transfer matrix having \(L_{2}\) -gain. This compensator is designed by adding on the feedback controller in two degrees of freedom control configuration. This controller can be used for the disturbance attenuation or decreasing the tracking error. The numerical examples and simulations are given to provide the applicability of the proposed solution.     

Neural network control of seat vibrations of a non-linear full vehicle model using PMSM

In this paper, the dynamic behaviour of a non-linear eight degrees of freedom vehicle model having active suspensions and passenger seat using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) controlled by a Neural Network (NN) controller is examined. A robust NN structure is established by using principle design data from the Matlab diagrams of system functions. In the NN structure, Fast Back-Propagation Algorithm (FBA) is employed. The user inputs a set of 16 variables while the output from the NN consists of f₁–f₁₆ non-linear functions. Further, the PMSM controller is also determined using the same NN structure. Various tests of the NN structure demonstrated that the model is able to give highly sensitive outputs for vibration condition, even using a more restricted input data set. The non-linearity occurs due to dry friction on the dampers. The vehicle body and the passenger seat using PMSM are fully controlled at the same time. The time responses of the non-linear vehicle model due to road disturbance and the frequency responses are obtained. Finally, uncontrolled and controlled cases are compared. It is seen that seat vibrations of a non-linear full vehicle model are controlled by a NN-based system with almost zero error between desired and achieved outputs.