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1.
We use a driving field, of the type first suggested by Evans, to generate a steady heat current in the simplest possible system, a two-dimensional periodic fluid of three hard disks. Hard-disk motion equations can be conveniently derived from repulsive constant-force or linear-force potentials by considering the infinitely repulsive limit of these potentials. We show that the isoenergetic and isokinetic forms of the nonequilibrium equations of motion generate steady-state heat conductivities differing by terms of order 1/N, whereN is the number of particles. The resulting conductivities appear to vary as the logarithm of the driving field strength. Even at low fields, the three-body periodic-system results lie well below Enskog's infinite-system prediction. 相似文献
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M. Fred Hoover 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(6):1327-1418
This paper is a literature survey of quaternary ammonium, sulfonium, and phosphonium polymers. 相似文献
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H. Schmalfuß H. Werner G. Curli T. P. Hilditch H. E. Longenecker Fr. Kiermeier Fr. X. Maier C. I. Kruisheer P. C. den Herder G. Roeder B. Segal A. Romeo V. Crupi G. Dorta G. Lunde H. Kringstad E. Mathiesen A. Olsen F. N. Woodward S. R. Hoover S. Schmidt-Nielsen und J. Stone 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1941,121(1-2):55-59
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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Non enzymatic hydration of leukotriene A (), the biogenetic precursor of leukotriene B () affords among other products two diastereomeric 6--isomers of 2, the first stereospecific and efficient syntheses of which are recorded herein. 相似文献
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We consider and compare four Hamiltonian formulations of thermostated mechanics, three of them kinetic, and the other one configurational. Though all four approaches "work" at equilibrium, their application to many-body nonequilibrium simulations can fail to provide a proper flow of heat. All the Hamiltonian formulations considered here are applied to the same prototypical two-temperature "phi4" model of a heat-conducting chain. This model incorporates nearest-neighbor Hooke's-Law interactions plus a quartic tethering potential. Physically correct results, obtained with the isokinetic Gaussian and Nose-Hoover thermostats, are compared with two other Hamiltonian results. The latter results, based on constrained Hamiltonian thermostats, fail to model correctly the flow of heat. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTWe develop a bit-reversible implementation of Milne's fourth-order predictor algorithm so as to generate precisely time-reversible simulations of irreversible processes. We apply our algorithm to the collision of two zero-temperature Morse-potential balls, which collide to form a warm liquid oscillating drop. The oscillations are driven by surface tension and damped by the viscosities. We characterise the ‘important’ Lyapunov-unstable particles during the collision and equilibration phases in both time directions to demonstrate the utility of the Milne algorithm in exposing ‘Time's Arrow’. 相似文献