HPLC-NMR of fatty alcohol ethoxylates

The application of HPLC-NMR for the analysis of a mixture of fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEs) is described. The use of the new generation, cryogenically cooled probes is investigated in respect of the sensitivity advantage that they provide. The FAE mixture is separated using liquid chromatography at the critical point of adsorption. The ability of the method to differentiate between the different end groups and the degree of polymerization of the mixture constituents is investigated. Both on-flow and stop-flow HPLC-NMR techniques were used together with two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The results are compared with those obtained by using an evaporative light scattering detector for the HPLC.     

A new and versatile Ugi/SNAr synthesis of fused 4,5-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalines

A combinatorial synthetic route yielding fused tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalines is described. The use of 2-fluorophenylisocyanide in the Ugi-tetrazole reaction (tetrazole-U-4CR) followed by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) affords the tricylic tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline moiety in good yields and with high diversity.     

Infrared spectroscopic characterization of the buried interface and surfaces of bonded silicon wafers

Basic investigations have been carried out on the characterization of different processing steps in bond preparation using etched <111> faces of silicon wafers for the incidence of the infrared beam to a multiple internal reflection geometry. The method is very sensitive to the surface coverage and interface. Surface activation by RCA cleaning yields an increase of water coverage and a decrease of SiH and CH groups. The detection limit for an oxide layer between silicon wafers has been found to be about 3 nm. Received: 18 July 1997 / Revised: 15 August 1997 / Accepted: 19 August 1997     

The mechanism of the alkylation of isoxazolidin-3-one

In solvents of different polarities, the lactam-lactim tautomeric equilibrium of isoxazoli-din-3-one is strongly displaced in the direction of the lactam. The lactim form cannot be detected. It has been concluded that there is no connection between the dual chemical behavior of isoxazolidin-3-one and its potassium salt in the alkylation reaction with the equilibrium isomerization of these compounds. It has been shown that the mechanism of alkylation is connected with the structure of the lactam anion. Evidence is given in favor of a mesomeric structure of the anion with the main charge on the nitrogen at which substitution chiefly takes place.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 898–901, July, 1973.     

On some contact problems for composite half-spaces PMM vol. 31, no. 6, 1967, pp. 1001–1008

Solutions are presented herein of some contact problems connected with the torsion of a composite half-space. In the general case the problem of the torsion of a composite elastic half-space is examined by means of the rotation of a stiff finite cylinder welded into a vertical recess of this half-space. Moreover, the following particular problems on the torsion of such a half-space are considered.

1. 1) A composite half-space with a vertical elastic infinite core, twisted by means of the rotation of a stiff stamp affixed to the upper endplate of the elastic core.

2. 2) A half-space with a vertical cylindrical infinite hole, twisted by means of the rotation of a stiff finite cylinder welded into the upper part of this hole.

In the general case the solution of the problem reduces to the solution of an integral equation of the second kind on a half-line. The question of the solvability of this fundamental integral equation is investigated, and it is shown that its solution may be constructed by successive approximations.

Let us note that the problem of the torsion of a homogeneous half space and of an elastic layer by means of rotation of a stiff stamp has been considered by Rostovtsev [1], Reissner and Sagoci [2], Ufliand [3], Florence [4], Grilitskii [5] and others.

The problem of the torsion of a circular cylindrical rod and the half-space welded to it which are subject to a torque applied to the free endface of the rod has been considered by Grilitskii and Kizyma[6].

The torsion of an elastic half-space with a vertical cylindrical inclusion of some other material by the rotation of a stiff stamp on the surface of this half-space has been considered in [7], wherein it has been assumed that the stamp is symmetrically disposed relative to the axis of the inclusion and lies simultaneously on both materials.     

Isotope anomalies of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in peat from the area of the tunguska cosmic body explosion (1908)

Abstract Peat profiles from the area of the Tunguska explosion epicentre indicate significant carbon and hydrogen isotopic effects which are clearly associated with the zone of the 1908 "catastrophe", and which cannot be attributed to any known terrestrial processes. We explain them with the presence of extraterrestrial matter similar to carbonaceous chondrites or, more probably, to cometary matter. Initial data on nitrogen content and its isotope composition are consistent with the assumption of acid rainfall following the passage and explosion of the Tunguska cosmic body, as is known to have occurred during the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary.     

Prtolysis constants of pyridazin-6-one derivatives

The protolysis constants of pyridazin-6-one and some of its derivatives have been determined by the spectrophotometric method. The influence of substituents on the value of the protonation constants is discussed.Translated from Khimiya Geterots iklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 993–995, July, 1973.