排序方式: 共有30条查询结果,搜索用时 375 毫秒
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LoSecco JM Bionta RM Biewitt G Bratton CB Casper D Chrysicopoulou P Claus R Cortez BG Errede S Foster GW Gajewski W Ganezer KS Goldhaber M Haines TJ Jones TW Kielczewska D Kropp WR Learned JG Lehmann E Park HS Reines F Schultz J Seidel S Shumard E Sinclair D Sobel HW Stone JL Sulak L Svoboda R van der Velde JC Wuest C 《Physical review letters》1985,54(21):2299-2301
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Becker-Szendy R Bratton CB Cady R Casper D Dye ST Gajewski W Goldhaber M Haines TJ Halverson PG Jones TW Kielczewska D Kropp WR Learned JG LoSecco JM Matsuno S McGrew C Mudan MS Price L Reines F Schultz J Sobel HW Stone JL Sulak LR Svoboda R Wittel F 《Physical review D: Particles and fields》1991,43(4):1413-1415
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This report outlines the determination of a reaction mechanism that can be manipulated to develop directed syntheses of gold monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) prepared by reduction of solutions containing 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (L(3)) ligand and Au(PPh(3))Cl. Nanocluster synthesis was initiated by reduction of two-coordinate phosphine-ligated [Au(I)LL'](+) complexes (L, L' = PPh(3), L(3)), resulting in free radical complexes. The [Au(0)LL'](?) free radicals nucleated, forming a broad size distribution of ligated clusters. Timed UV-vis spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry monitored the ligated Au(x), 6 ≤ x ≤ 13, clusters, which comprise reaction intermediates and final products. By employing different solvents and reducing agents, reaction conditions were varied to highlight the largest portion of the reaction mechanism. We identified several solution-phase reaction classes, including dissolution of the gold precursor, reduction, continuous nucleation/core growth, ligand exchange, ion-molecule reactions, and etching of colloids and larger clusters. Simple theories can account for the reaction intermediates and final products. The initial distribution of the nucleation products contains mainly neutral clusters. However, the rate of reduction controls the amount of reaction overlap occurring in the system, allowing a clear distinction between reduction/nucleation and subsequent solution-phase processing. During solution-phase processing, the complexes undergo core etching and core growth reactions, including reactions that convert neutral clusters to cations, in a cyclic process that promotes formation of stable clusters of specific metal nuclearity. These processes comprise "size-selective" processing that can narrow a broad distribution into specific nuclearities, enabling development of tunable syntheses. 相似文献
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Haines TJ Bionta RM Blewitt G Bratton CB Casper D Claus R Cortez BG Errede S Foster GW Gajewski W Ganezer KS Goldhaber M Jones TW Kielczewska D Kropp WR Learned JG Lehmann E LoSecco JM Matthews J Park HS Price LR Reines F Schultz J Seidel S Shumard E Sinclair D Sobel HW Stone JL Sulak L Svoboda R van der Velde JC Wuest C 《Physical review letters》1986,57(16):1986-1989
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Observation of a neutrino burst in coincidence with supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bionta RM Blewitt G Bratton CB Casper D Ciocio A Claus R Cortez B Crouch M Dye ST Errede S Foster GW Gajewski W Ganezer KS Goldhaber M Haines TJ Jones TW Kielczewska D Kropp WR Learned JG LoSecco JM Matthews J Miller R Mudan MS Park HS Price LR Reines F Schultz J Seidel S Shumard E Sinclair D Sobel HW Stone JL Sulak LR Svoboda R Thornton G van der Velde JC Wuest C 《Physical review letters》1987,58(14):1494-1496
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Addition reactions of allyl stannanes to an indolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrido[1,2‐b]isoquinoline imminium salt
Paul C. Unangst Larry D. Bratton David T. Connor Bruce D. Roth J. Ronald Rubin Bharat K. Trivedi 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2000,37(5):1081-1087
The addition of organometallic reagents to the 13b‐position of the indolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrido[1,2‐b]isoquinoline imminium salt 4 is described. Reaction of 4 with tetraallyl tin in 2‐methoxyethanol gave the allyl adduct 7 in moderate yield. Further elaboration of 7 yielded the pentacyclic benzylidene alcohols 13 and 14 . Structure elucidation of the compounds prepared was achieved by a combination of 1H nmr spec troscopy and X‐ray crystallography. 相似文献
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AW Hilkert CB Douthitt HJ Schlüter WA Brand 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》1999,13(13):1226-1230
Of all the elements, hydrogen has the largest naturally occurring variations in the ratio of its stable isotopes (D/H). It is for this reason that there has been a strong desire to add hydrogen to the list of elements amenable to isotope ratio monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (irm-GC/MS). In irm-GC/MS the sample is entrained in helium as the carrier gas, which is also ionized and separated in the isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Because of the low abundance of deuterium in nature, precise and accurate on-line monitoring of D/H ratios with an IRMS requires that low energy helium ions be kept out of the m/z 3 collector, which requires the use of an energy filter. A clean mass 3 (HD(+.)) signal which is independent of a large helium load in the electron impact ion source is essential in order to reach the sensitivity required for D/H analysis of capillary GC peaks. A new IRMS system, the DELTA(plus)XL(trade mark), has been designed for high precision, high accuracy measurements of transient signals of hydrogen gas. It incorporates a retardation lens integrated into the m/z 3 Faraday cup collector. Following GC separation, the hydrogen bound in organic compounds must be quantitatively converted into H(2) gas prior to analysis in the IRMS. Quantitative conversion is achieved by high temperature conversion (TC) at temperatures >1400 degrees C. Measurements of D/H ratios of individual organic compounds in complicated natural mixtures can now be made to a precision of 2 per thousand (delta notation) or, better, with typical sample amounts of approximately 200 ng per compound. Initial applications have focused on compounds of interest to petroleum research (biomarkers and natural gas components), food and flavor control (vanillin and ethanol), and metabolic studies (fatty acids and steroids). Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Becker-Szendy R Bratton CB Breault J Casper D Dye ST Ganezer K Gajewski W Goldhaber M Haines TJ Halverson PG Kielczewska D Kropp WR Learned JG LoSecco J Matsuno S McGrath G McGrew C Miller RS Price L Reines F Schultz J Sobel HW Stone JL Sulak LR Svoboda R 《Physical review D: Particles and fields》1994,49(5):2169-2173