Is the Near-Earth Current Sheet Prior to Reconnection Unstable to Tearing Mode？

The tearing mode instability plays a key role in the triggering process of reconnection. The triggering collisionless tearing mode instability has been theoretically and numerically analyzed by many researchers. However, due to the difficulty in obtaining the observational wave number, it is still unknown whether the tearing mode instability can be excited in an actual plasma sheet prior to reconnection onset. Using the data from four Cluster satellites prior to a magnetospheric reconnection event on 13 September 2002, we utilized the wave telescope technique to obtain the wave number which corresponds to the peak of power spectral density. The wavelength is about 18RE and is consistent with previous theoretic and numerical results. After substituting the wave vector and other necessary parameters of the observed current sheet into the triggering condition of tearing mode instability, we find that the near-Earth current sheet prior to reconnection is unstable to tearing mode.     

无人机多光谱影像的小麦倒伏信息多特征融合检测研究

为探究多特征融合方法在作物倒伏领域快速精准识别中的适用性,利用无人机获取多田块冠层尺度的不同倒伏率麦田多光谱数据,对原始倒伏图像进行图像拼接、辐射校正、几何校正等预处理,并利用重归一化差值植被指数和阴影指数分别剔除土壤和阴影背景,提取小麦倒伏DSM模型和植被指数分别与多光谱图像进行多特征图像主成分变换融合,筛选差异性较大的纹理特征,采用支持向量机(SVM)、人工神经网络(ANN)和最大似然法(MLC)监督分类模型对多光谱和DSM融合图像、多光谱和归一化植被指数(NDVI)融合图像、多光谱图像和纹理特征图像进行监督分类,并采用总体精度(OA)、 Kappa系数和提取误差综合评价各监督模型的分类性能和倒伏提取精度。分类结果表明：各监督分类方法在不同倒伏区域提取结果建模效果趋势一致,SVM和ANN整体提取精度高于MLC,在高倒伏区域,多光谱与NDVI融合图像的SVM监督模型(OA:92.63%, Kappa系数：0.85,提取误差：1.11%)提取效果最好;在中倒伏区域,多光谱与DSM融合图像的SVM监督模型(OA:90.35%, Kappa系数：0.79,提取误差：9.34%)提取效果最好...     

Feasibility of similarity coefficient map for improving morphological evaluation of T2* weighted MRI for renal cancer

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using a similarity coefficient map(SCM) in improving the morphological evaluation of T2* weighted(T2*W) magnatic resonance imaging(MRI) for renal cancer.Simulation studies and in vivo 12-echo T2*W experiments for renal cancers were performed for this purpose.The results of the first simulation study suggest that an SCM can reveal small structures which are hard to distinguish from the background tissue in T2*W images and the corresponding T2* map.The capability of improving the morphological evaluation is likely due to the improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and the carrier-to-noise ratio(CNR) by using the SCM technique.Compared with T2* W images,an SCM can improve the SNR by a factor ranging from 1.87 to 2.47.Compared with T2* maps,an SCM can improve the SNR by a factor ranging from 3.85 to 33.31.Compared with T2*W images,an SCM can improve the CNR by a factor ranging from 2.09 to 2.43.Compared with T2* maps,an SCM can improve the CNR by a factor ranging from 1.94 to 8.14.For a given noise level,the improvements of the SNR and the CNR depend mainly on the original SNRs and CNRs in T2*W images,respectively.In vivo experiments confirmed the results of the first simulation study.The results of the second simulation study suggest that more echoes are used to generate the SCM,and higher SNRs and CNRs can be achieved in SCMs.In conclusion,an SCM can provide improved morphological evaluation of T2*W MR images for renal cancer by unveiling fine structures which are ambiguous or invisible in the corresponding T2*W MR images and T2* maps.Furthermore,in practical applications,for a fixed total sampling time,one should increase the number of echoes as much as possible to achieve SCMs with better SNRs and CNRs.     

红外热成像与近红外光谱结合快速检测潜育期番茄花叶病

现有的番茄花叶病无损检测方法无法在潜育期内,即显症之前进行早期识别导致施药不及时或者盲目过度施药。设计与试制了红外热成像信息采集系统,主要包括：光箱、红外热成像仪、温度及升降控制器、加热板和升降载物台。该系统能够根据温度起止节点的要求,人为调节拍摄温度。在江苏大学现代农业装备与技术省部共建重点实验室Venlo型温室中进行非抗病性番茄品种辽宁农科院L-402的培育。采用叶面摩擦接种花叶病毒(Tobacccco mosaic virus, ToMV),分为轻度感染组(LI),重度感染组(SI);LI组为磷酸缓冲液稀释500倍后的病毒液接种,SI组为病毒原液接种。对照组(CG)喷施等量磷酸缓冲液。接种10 d后叶片开始出现病斑,证明接种后9 d为番茄花叶病的潜育期。使用红外热成像系统采集了三个组共计144个样本的红外热成像图,计算叶表最大温差(MTD) 以表征潜育期内连续9 d内的叶面温度变化情况。CG组叶片的MTD值差异极小,而接种后叶片MTD值随着病毒侵染时间的推进发生了显著的变化。接种6 d后MTD值差异最大可达1.63 ℃,第7 d开始差异逐步缩小,表明病毒的扩散范围增大导致病叶越来越多的区域被侵染使得整体叶温上升。光谱采集采用两种方法进行,一种是根据热像图的MTD值计算判别出温度突变区域后采集光谱,记为热像采集法(TCM);另一种是不考虑病灶位置,在叶尖、叶中、叶基三个区域分别随机选择一个点采集光谱后求平均值,记为随机采集法(RCM)。TCM确定三个光谱采集点的选择原则是：LI组接种后3,6和9 d的温度突变区域平均MTD值比CG组温度分别高出0.3,0.7和0.5 ℃。SI组接种后3,6和9 d的温度突变区域平均MTD值比CG组温度分别高出0.5,1.2,0.8 ℃。差值达到此标准的病灶位置才定为TCM的可选区域。对所有样本采用支持向量机(SVM)算法建立识别模型。采用主成分分析对2 151个波长点的光谱信息进行压缩,前6个主成分所对应的累积方差贡献率已到达99%。分别对感病3,6和9 d的样本按照2∶1的比例划分校正集和预测集,对预测集样本的病害程度进行识别。两种方法所建立的模型的总识别率分别为92.59%和99.77%。采用TCM建立的光谱识别模型中仅有接种后3 d的一个LI组样本未能识别出来,被误判成CG组样本外,其余组识别率均达到了100%。结果表明近红外光谱法识别番茄花叶病是可行的。采用红外热成像结合近红外光谱法能够建立识别率更高的番茄花叶病潜育期识别模型,克服点源采样随机性,对后续管控流程和突破作物早期精准用药的关键技术探索,建立更为精准的温室智能施药系统提供了新的思路。     

基于荧光光谱信息的绿色植物探测研究

针对农作物病、虫、草害化学防治时对靶变量施药以减少农药使用量、提高农药利用率的需求,本文研究了基于荧光光谱信息和主动光源方法在不同环境下探测绿色植物的方法.通过白色、蓝色和红色L ED主动光源照射样本,采集了白天室内自然光照、白天太阳直射、白天无太阳直射和夜晚黑暗环境四种场景下的绿色植物和非绿色植物样本光谱.首先基于多...     

无碰撞电流片低频电磁模不稳定性：MHD模型

利用含无电阻广义Ohm定律的可压缩磁流体力学(MHD)理论，研究了在具有剪切磁场的无碰撞电流片中低频电磁模不稳定性，假定等离子体压力各向同性，推导出了三维扰动传播波模的色散关系.色散关系的数值求解集中在电流片中间平面(z=0)和半厚度边缘(z=1)上，并分别考虑了二维传播和三维传播，以及不同的离子惯性长度情况.主要结果如下：1)对 于二维扰动传播(k_z=0)的波，在z=0平面上，Alfven波增长率最大，不稳定的波 频率 和波数范围也更宽.离中间平面越远，增长率越小，波数区域越小.同时，随着离子惯性长度 的增大，Alfven波不稳定性的增长率变大.2)对于三维扰动传播(k_z≠0)的波， 哨声是 不稳定的.在电流片中间平面上，哨声有明显的增长率；而在离子惯性区外边，哨声的增长 率还变大.3)在电流片中间(z=0)平面上，低频波主要是电流不稳定性激发的.在离中间 平面较远处，电流、密度和压力的梯度不稳定性变得更重要. 关键词： 无碰撞电流片 磁流体力学 色散关系 不稳定性