CEST成像不同量化方式在急性帕金森氏病小鼠模型研究中的应用比较

本文通过比较7 T场强下化学交换饱和转移（chemical exchange saturation transfer,CEST）成像技术不同量化方式在急性帕金森氏病小鼠模型研究中的应用效果,探讨了客观无创的帕金森氏病研究方案.使用Bruker PharmaScan 7 T小动物磁共振成像（Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI）扫描仪,对经1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶（1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,MPTP）急性造模前及造模后第3、10天的小鼠黑质、皮层及海马进行扫描,计算弛豫时间T₁、T₂、MTR_asym（magnetization transfer ratio based on asymmetry analysis）、MTR_rex（magnetization transfer ratio yielding Rex）、AREX（apparent exchange-dependent relaxation）及5池拟合后的胺峰面积Area_amine、酰胺峰面积Area_amide.结果显示仅黑质中融合了倒Z谱分析和5池洛仑兹拟合所得的量化指标MTR_rex、AREX及Area_amine在造模后显著减小,与黑质免疫组化结果一致,而T₁、T₂以及基于Z谱非对称性分析的MTR_asym未见统计学差异,这表明此量化方式消除了直接饱和效应及磁化转移效应的影响,准确性上要优于Z谱非对称分析法,更能正确地提示帕金森氏病黑质的变化.     

Performance study of aluminum shielded room for ultra-low-field magnetic resonance imaging based on SQUID:Simulations and experiments

The aluminum shielded room has been an important part of ultra-low-field magnetic resonance imaging(ULF MRI)based on the superconducting quantum interference device(SQUID). The shielded room is effective to attenuate the external radio-frequency field and keep the extremely sensitive detector, SQUID, working properly. A high-performance shielded room can increase the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and improve image quality. In this study, a circular coil with a diameter of 50 cm and a square coil with a side length of 2.0 m was used to simulate the magnetic fields from the nearby electric apparatuses and the distant environmental noise sources. The shielding effectivenesses(SE) of the shielded room with different thicknesses of aluminum sheets were calculated and simulated. A room using 6-mm-thick aluminum plates with a dimension of 1.5 m×1.5 m×2.0 m was then constructed. The SE was experimentally measured by using three-axis SQUID magnetometers, with tranisent magnetic field induced in the aluminum plates by the strong pre-polarization pulses. The results of the measured SE agreed with that from the simulation. In addition, the introduction of a 0.5-mm gap caused the obvious reduction of SE indicating the importance of door design. The nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) signals of water at 5.9 kHz were measured in free space and in a shielded room, and the SNR was improved from 3 to 15. The simulation and experimental results will help us design an aluminum shielded room which satisfies the requirements for future ULF human brain imaging. Finally, the cancellation technique of the transient eddy current was tried, the simulation of the cancellation technique will lead us to finding an appropriate way to suppress the eddy current fields.     

TM110模式DNP探头的研制与应用

为了满足自主研发的X波段动态核极化系统(DNP-NMR/MRI)对探头的需求,设计制作了用于动态核极化的TM_(110)模式圆柱形谐振腔探头.通过理论分析计算得到了探头腔体的初步尺寸,进而利用软件对其完整结构做进一步的仿真优化,并测试了基于优化参数设计加工的探头的性能参数.完成了探头在自主研制的场强为0.35 T的DNP-NMR/MRI系统上的测试,得到了大于50倍信噪比(S/N)增强的质子信号,同时获得信噪比增强的磁共振影像.     

CEST成像不同量化方式在急性帕金森氏病小鼠模型研究中的应用比较（英文）

本文通过比较7 T场强下化学交换饱和转移(chemical exchange saturation transfer,CEST)成像技术不同量化方式在急性帕金森氏病小鼠模型研究中的应用效果,探讨了客观无创的帕金森氏病研究方案.使用Bruker PharmaScan7 T小动物磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)扫描仪,对经1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,MPTP)急性造模前及造模后第3、10天的小鼠黑质、皮层及海马进行扫描,计算弛豫时间T_1、T_2、MTR_(asym)(magnetization transfer ratio based on asymmetry analysis)、MTR_(rex)(magnetization transfer ratio yielding R_(ex))、AREX(apparent exchange-dependent relaxation)及5池拟合后的胺峰面积Area_(amine)、酰胺峰面积Area_(amide),结果显示仅黑质中融合了倒Z谱分析和5池洛仑兹拟合所得的量化指标MTR_(rex)、AREX及Area_(amine)在造模后显著减小,与黑质免疫组化结果一致,而T_1、T_2以及基于Z谱非对称性分析的MTR_(asym)未见统计学差异,这表明此量化方式消除了直接饱和效应及磁化转移效应的影响,准确性上要优于Z谱非对称分析法,更能正确地提示帕金森氏病黑质的变化.     

基于CEST机制的pH成像方法、原理和应用

化学交换饱和转移（Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer,CEST）技术作为一种新型的磁共振成像（Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI）技术.它的原理为溶质池中被激发饱和的质子与游离水中未被饱和的质子间的化学交换,能够引起水质子磁共振信号的下降,从而获得组织内生物分子的相关信息.由于质子间的交换速率k_ex与组织微环境的pH值之间存在直接联系,因而可以通过溶质质子的CEST信号对活体组织进行pH成像.目前用于pH成像的溶质分子既包括内源性游离的蛋白质、多肽分子,还包括一系列的外源性小分子和金属螯合物.通过不同类型的比率法、内源性胺和酰胺浓度-独立检测（Amine and Amide Concentration-independent Detection,AACID）等成像方法,能够获得肾脏、中风脑组织以及肿瘤组织的pH图谱.本文详细总结了2000年以来利用CEST技术进行pH成像方面的研究进展,包括对比剂、成像方法和相关应用,展望了活体组织pH成像的发展趋势和应用前景.     

地磁环境下基于SQUID三轴磁强计的矢量稳场

超导量子干涉器件(Superconducting Quantum Interference Device, 简称 SQUID) 是一种高灵敏度的矢量磁探测器. 本文采用低温超导SQUID 作为传感器, 搭建了一套三轴矢量磁场稳定装置. 该系统由两个三轴 SQUID磁强计模块、 比例积分微分(PID) 控制器和反馈线圈组组成. 在该系统的矢量稳场下, 磁场波动峰峰值在有效带宽内可以降低四个数量级, 可达pT 量级, 稳场效果显著. 此技术可以满足大部分需要稳定磁场, 如高灵敏度磁传感器的标定等应用场合.