Helium-hydrogen synergistic effects on swelling in in-situ multiple-ion beams irradiated steels

The development of reliable fusion energy is one of the most important challenges in this century. The accelerated degradation of structural materials in fusion reactors caused by neutron irradiation would cause severe problems. Due to the lack of suitable fusion neutron testing facilities, we have to rely on ion irradiation experiments to test candidate materials in fusion reactors. Moreover, fusion neutron irradiation effects are accompanied by the simultaneous transmutation production of helium and hydrogen. One important method to study the He-H synergistic effects in materials is multiple simultaneous ion beams (MSIB) irradiation that has been studied for decades. To date, there is no convincing conclusion on these He-H synergistic effects among these experiments. Recently, a multiple ion beam in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis facility was developed in Xiamen University (XIAMEN facility), which is the first triple beam system and the only in-running in-situ irradiation facility with TEM in China. In this work, we conducted the first high-temperature triple simultaneous ion beams irradiation experiment with TEM observation using the XIAMEN facility. The responses to in-situ triple-ion beams irradiation in austenitic steel 304L SS and ferritic/martensitic steel CLF-1 were studied and compared with the results in dual- and single-ion beam(s) irradiated steels. Synergistic effects were observed in MSIB irradiated steels. Helium was found to be critical for cavity formation, while hydrogen has strong synergistic effect on increasing swelling.     

扩散型云雾室的制作及使用示例

C.T.R.威尔逊制作的膨胀型云雾室是世界上最早的带电粒子径迹探测器之一,但其具有灵敏时间短、不能连续工作的缺陷.而扩散型云雾室可以连续工作,它通过热端将酒精加热转化为蒸气,酒精蒸气扩散到冷端后冷却形成过饱和蒸气,从而使得通过过饱和蒸气的带电粒子径迹可以在强光照射下被观察到.本工作根据其工作原理设计并制作了扩散型云雾室,在云室内部无放射源的情况下观察到了质子、β射线和宇宙射线的径迹;在放置一般烟雾报警器的~(241)Amα放射源的情况下,观察到了α粒子径迹.根据拍摄到的视频以及测量的几何数据,估计了该~(241)Am放射源的放射性活度.     

酸度控制的不同MnO2的水热制备及电化学性能

以KMnO4为锰源、CO(NH2)2为还原剂,通过水热反应制备MnO2,考察了体系酸度对产物结构和形貌的影响,应用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜和N2吸-脱附技术对产物进行表征.结果表明,在0～1 mol/L H2 SO4溶液中,制备了颗粒状、球形、纤维状和海胆状MnO2,前两种MnO2为层状结构,后两种MnO2具有隧道结构.海胆状MnO2的比表面积高达95 m2/g.电化学测试结果显示,在0.1 A/g的电流密度下,海胆状MnO2首次放电比容量达到1318.8 mAh/g.恒流充放电140次后,容量保持率为74;.