杂质浓度对Zr替位掺杂γ-TiAl合金的结构延性和电子性质的影响

以Zr替代Ti(或Al)掺杂γ-TiAl体系为研究对象, 掺杂浓度(摩尔比)分别为1/54, 1/36, 1/24和1/16. 采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法, 计算研究了Zr掺杂γ-TiAl体系的晶体结构及其稳定性、延性和电子性质等. 结果显示, Zr替位掺杂, 可以改变γ-TiAl基合金的结构对称性. 计算的形成能表明, Zr替代Ti原子会使体系的形成能降低, 而Zr替代Al原子会使体系的形成能增加. 因而, 在掺入γ-TiAl时, Zr更倾向于替代Ti 原子, 但是Zr替代Al原子也具有一定的可能性, 从而会产生多样的掺杂体系, 对于改善合金的性质具有重要意义. 对各个体系轴比的计算与分析表明, 当掺杂浓度为1.85 at%–6.25 at% 时, Zr替代Al原子会使体系的轴比减小、接近于1, 从而改善合金的延性效果明显. 能带结构显示各个Zr掺杂γ-TiAl体系均具有金属导电性. 对电子态密度和布居数的分析表明, Zr替代Al原子后, Zr与其邻近Ti原子的共价键结合强度大为降低, 导致合金体系中的Ti-Al(Zr)键的平均强度明显减弱, 金属键增强, 这是改善γ-TiAl合金延性的重要因素.     

Effect of P impurity on mechanical properties of NiAl Σ5 grain boundary:From perspectives of stress and energy

In this paper, we employ the first-principle total energy method to investigate the effect of P impurity on mechanical properties of NiAl grain boundary(GB). According to "energy", the segregation of P atom in NiAlΣ5 GB reduces the cleavage energy and embrittlement potential, demonstrating that P impurity embrittles NiAlΣ5 GB. The first-principle computational tensile test is conducted to determine the theoretical tensile strength of NiAlΣ5 GB. It is demonstrated that the maximum ideal tensile strength of NiAlΣ5 GB with P atom segregation is 144.5 GPa, which is lower than that of the pure NiAlΣ5 GB(164.7 GPa). It is indicated that the segregation of P weakens the theoretical strength of NiAlΣ5 GB.The analysis of atomic configuration shows that the GB fracture is caused by the interfacial bond breaking. Moreover, P is identified to weaken the interactions between Al–Al bonds and enhance Ni–Ni bonds.     

Effect of P impurity on NiAlΣ5 grain boundary from first-principles study

First-principles calculations based on the density functional theory(DFT) and ultra-soft pseudopotential are employed to study the atomic configuration and charge density of impurity P in Ni Al Σ5 grain boundary(GB). The negative segregation energy of a P atom proves that a P atom can easily segregate in the Ni Al GB. The atomic configuration and formation energy of the P atom in the Ni Al GB demonstrate that the P atom tends to occupy an interstitial site or substitute a Al atom depending on the Ni/Al atoms ratio. The P atom is preferable to staying in the Ni-rich environment in the Ni Al GB forming P–Ni bonds. Both of the charge density and the deformation charge imply that a P atom is more likely to bond with Ni atoms rather than with Al atoms. The density of states further exhibits the interactions between P atom and Ni atom, and the orbital electrons of P, Ni and Al atoms all contribute to P–Ni bonds in the Ni Al GB. It is worth noting that the P–Ni covalent bonds might embrittle the Ni Al GB and weakens the plasticity of the Ni Al intermetallics.     

合金化元素Ru和Re在Ni3Al中的相互作用及其对力学性质的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论和广义梯度近似的第一原理方法,探究了Ru元素和Re元素在Ni₃Al中的相互作用及其对力学性质的影响.计算表明：在绝大多数化学计量比范围内,Ru原子优先占据Ni₃Al中的Ni位,Re原子优先占据Ni₃Al中的Al位,Ru和Re易于聚集分布,占据近邻的Ni-Al原子对.通过差分电荷密度图和态密度图分析得到Ru和Re掺杂会与近邻Ni原子产生轨道相互作用,Ru和Re之间也会产生轨道相互作用.通过计算弹性模量,应用经验判据得到Ru的加入使得Ni₃Al材料抗压缩能力和韧性明显增强,但硬度有所降低.而Ru、Re的同时加入使其抗压缩能力、韧性和硬度都有所增强.     

Ta和Re对Ni/Ni3Al相界面断裂强度和蠕变强度的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论和广义梯度近似的第一原理方法,探究Ta元素和Re元素在Ni/Ni3Al相界面中的相互作用及其对界面强度的影响.计算表明:在绝大多数化学计量比范围内, Ta原子优先占据γ相中的顶点Ni位, Re原子优先占据γ’相中的Al位, Re原子和Ta原子共合金化时掺杂位置不发生改变.通过格里菲斯断裂功、不稳定堆垛层错能及空位迁移能的计算,得出Ta和Re合金化都可以增强界面的格里菲斯断裂能,提高界面的结合强度,两种合金化元素均提高了体系的不稳定堆垛层错能,即提高了界面阻碍位错运动的能力和抵抗变形的能力,其中Re的单独合金化效果更好.两种元素的掺杂提高了界面上空位迁移的势垒,阻碍了空位的发射和吸收,进而提高了合金的蠕变能力.