面向空间高能重离子与辐射屏蔽材料的反应截面地基研究

空间辐射尤其是高能重离子辐射可造成生物机体的严重损伤, 所以对高能重离子进行恰当的辐射屏蔽, 成为实现载人航天的关键性因素之一。 研究表明, 由于高能重离子与不同屏蔽材料发生相互作用, 所产生的核碎片等次级粒子, 直接影响空间辐射屏蔽材料的屏蔽性能研究和屏蔽结构设计。 介绍了太空辐射的分类与组成, 综述了国际地基辐射屏蔽材料与实验现状。 根据文献中的地基实验数据, 重点描述了被动式屏蔽方法: 以相近能量多种重离子, 不同能量的56Fe和28Si重离子分别与C, H, Al和Cu材料相互作用的总反应截面和碎片产生截面, 并结合510 MeV/u 56Fe与不同厚度CH2相互作用产生的碎片通量分布、 碎片平均LET分布和不同厚度CH2的单位入射离子剂量减少量等方面, 系统讨论分析了C, H, Al, Cu和CH2等常用空间辐射屏蔽材料的屏蔽性能。 Cosmic radiation, particularly the high energy heavy ion radiation, may cause serious injury on living organism. Therefore, it is one of critical restriction factor in Manned Spaceflight. Studies show that high energy heavy ions interacting with the shielding materials can produce numerous kinds of fragments and secondaries. These particles have a direct impact on evaluation of shielding properties of different shielding materials, the optimal shielding structure design and low dose evaluation after shielding materials. From perspectives of divisions of cosmic rays and passive shielding methods, this paper introduces the ground based research of shielding materials. The passive shielding method was discussed, based on the experimental data of the total cross sections and fragment（production） cross sections of the aspects of different heavy ions with approximately same energy and 56Fe, 28Si heavy ions with different energies on H, C, CH2, Al and Cu radiation shielding materials. In addition, the fragment fluency distribution, the average LET distribution and the dose reduction per particle of 510 MeV/u 56Fe in different depth of CH2 material were also discussed.     

空间辐射生物学研究进展

空间电离辐射尤其是高能带电粒子辐射可造成生物机体的严重损伤, 是载人航天飞行的关键性限制因素之一。 研究表明, 带电粒子的生物学效应与其性质、 剂量以及不同生物学终点有关; 此外, 微重力环境可能会影响空间辐射生物学效应。 从多年来的空间搭载实验研究和地基模拟实验研究两个方面, 综述了空间辐射的生物损伤效应及其与微重力环境复合作用的生物效应。Space radiation, particularly induced by the high energy charged particles, may cause serious injury on living organisms. So it is one critical restriction factor in Manned Spaceflight. Studies have shown that the biological effects of charged particles were associated with their quality, the dose and the different biological end points. In addition, the microgravity conditions may affect the biological effects of space radiation. In this paper we give a review on the biological damage effects of space radiation and the combined biological effects of the space radiation coupled with the microgravity from the results of space flight and ground simulation experiments.     

模拟微重力效应对辐射致细胞DNA损伤修复效应的影响

在地面模拟微重力的情况下, 应用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳（SCGE）技术对80 MeV/u Ne离子辐射诱发人血淋巴细胞DNA损伤修复效应进行了研究。 在不同时刻对相同剂量辐照后的淋巴细胞经单细胞电泳处理后显示, 在模拟微重力下孵育的彗星尾更长, 彗星头面积更小。 这表明, 相对地面环境而言, 模拟微重力环境对淋巴细胞的DNA损伤修复有一定的抑制作用。 Effect of the modeled microgravity (MMG) on heavy ion induced lymphocytes DNA repair by using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) has been studied. The results showed that residual DNA damage induced by Ne ions irradiation increased more in cultures incubated in MMG than in 1 g, which indicated that MMG incubation after Ne ions irradiation reduce the DNA damage repair capacity.