Ultrafast solvation dynamics at internal sites of staphylococcal nuclease investigated by site-directed mutagenesis

Internal solvation of protein was studied by site-directed mutagenesis,with which an intrinsically fluorescent probe,tryptophan,is inserted into the desired position inside a protein molecule for ultrafast spectroscopic study.Here we review this unique method for protein dynamics research.We first introduce the frontiers of protein solvation,site-directed mutagenesis,protein stability and characteristics,and the spectroscopic methods.Then we present time-resolved spectroscopic dynamics of solvation dynamics inside cavities of active sites.The studies are carried out on a globular protein,staphylococcal nuclease.The solvation at sites inside the protein molecule’s cavities clearly reveals characteristics of the local environment.These solvation behaviors are directly correlated to enzyme activity.     

以高温超导体为基础的颗粒复合磁电阻器件

外加磁场对超导电性有强烈抑制作用，等效于一个显的正磁电阻．将高温超导体与具有不同磁电阻特性的其它材料复合，构成纳米颗粒复合体，可改变其磁场响应，调节成分配比还可使总磁电阻在特定的温度和外磁场下改变符号，即可调谐磁电阻．根据这一原理，我们制备了以La1.85Sr0.15CuO4和YBa2Cu3O7-δ为基础的颗粒复合磁电阻器件，并在其中观测到了以可调谐磁电阻为代表的丰富的磁电现象．这些器件在磁探测、磁记录和磁场标定等方面具有重要应用价值．     

高温超导线圈在大电流下稳定性的数值仿真

在电力应用中,超导磁体可能会因为线圈工作于过流状态而失超,也可能会因为交流损耗而导致失超.为此,我们模拟了一个磁体在大电流过载下的稳定性情况.我们使用了一个建立在热传导方程和麦克斯韦方程基础上的差分数值计算方法来得出磁体内部的温度分布.我们对各种不同的电流冲击情况进行了考察,我们的模型可以使磁体设计者在实际制作之前能够估计一个比较安全的操作电流水平,有着广泛的实用价值.     

离轴矢量光束的紧聚焦特性

基于理查德-沃尔夫矢量衍射积分理论,数值研究了离轴矢量光束经过高数值孔径透镜后的紧聚焦特性.通过对比分析偏振奇点离轴的径向、角向矢量光束紧聚焦后,焦点附近的强度和相位分布规律,提出了一种由广义柱矢量光束设计紧聚焦场的方法.此外,通过分析矢量光束自旋分量的聚焦行为和自旋轨道耦合所诱导的自旋角动量分布变化,讨论了偏振奇点离轴对称破缺对高阶矢量光束紧聚焦场空间结构,特别是其自旋角动量空间分布的影响.该研究结果不仅对矢量光场的紧聚焦特性进行了补充,也为改进和完善焦场分布提供了理论参考.     

光场纵向调控研究进展(特邀)

得益于特殊的空间结构,振幅、相位、偏振态面内调控的光场在传输及与物质相互作用过程中展现了诸多引人瞩目的新效应和新现象.随着空间结构光场的深入研究和广泛应用,沿着传输方向的光场调控也逐渐引起注意,由此发展出了一系列具有新颖传播特性,以及空间三维结构的调控光场.本文综述了针对传输方向的光场调控研究进展,包括光场强度沿纵向的...     

大电流冲击条件下高温超导线圈热稳定边界的数值求解

不同于低温超导体,在高温超导线圈中,一定体积内的热积累是造成失超的较主要原因.因此,在遭遇大电流冲击时,线圈仍有可能保持稳定.在本文中,我们通过数值求解,作出了在大电流冲击条件下高温超导线圈的热稳定边界.求解结果表明,存在分别对应两种热积累情况的热稳定边界.为安全起见,应用在高温超导电力设备中的线圈应采取热稳定化路线设计.     

Understanding the synergistic effect of mixed solvent annealing on perovskite film formation

Morphology control of perovskite films is of critical importance for high-performance photovoltaic devices. Although solvent vapor annealing (SVA) treatment has been widely used to improve the film quality efficiently, the detailed mechanism of film growth is still under construction, and there is still no consensus on the selection of solvents and volume for further optimization. Here, a series of solvents (DMF, DMSO, mixed DMF/DMSO) were opted for exploring their impact on fundamental structural and physical properties of perovskite films and the performance of corresponding devices. Mixed solvent SVA treatment resulted in unique benefits that integrated the advantages of each solvent, generating a champion device efficiency of 19.76% with improved humidity and thermal stability. The crystallization mechanism was constructed by conducting grazing-incidence wide-angle x-ray diffraction (GIWAXS) characterizations, showing that dissolution and recrystallization dominated the film formation. A proper choice of solvent and its volume balancing the two processes thus afforded the desired perovskite film. This study reveals the underlying process of film formation, paving the way to producing energy-harvesting materials in a controlled manner towards energy-efficient and stable perovskite-based devices.