大庆澄清油芳烃组份在液相炭化过程中的结构转变

用核磁共振氢谱和红外光潜跟踪了大庆澄清油芳烃组份在液相炭化早期阶段的结构转变。结果表明,多环芳烃分子在热解初期首先脱去环烷上的氢转成芳环,同时发生烷基侧链C_α—C_β键的断裂,形成HS(正己烷可溶)组份。HS组份进一步反应,经烷基链C_α—C_β键断裂而诱发芳核缩合反应,生成更大的芳核分子,并随反应的深入进行,依次生成TS(正己烷不溶甲苯可溶)、PS(甲苯不溶吡啶可溶)及PI(吡啶不溶)等组份。在HS组份部分地转为TS、PS、PI的同时,自身也进一步发生烷基链的断裂。从而在反应中后期形成的TS、PS、PI也表现出烷基侧链的减少。与此同时,PI在生成和积累过程中,发生了脱氢缩合而成更多环数的中间相组份分子,这可从红外光谱1600cm~(-1)峰强逐渐下降证明。     

大庆澄清油芳烃组分炭化过程中间产物——多环芳烃的质谱分析

利用质谱法对炭化中间相产物中多环芳烃(PAH)的组成及分布进行了考察。用六或七个芳核类型(芳环数为三至六)表征了多环芳烃的组成。其主要组分为含有一或两个取代基(甲基、乙基)的三至六环的PAH,其分子量分布范围为200—350,主要集中在270左右。所得结果与~1H-NMR波谱法的平均结构表征的数据相符合。     

Macro-Behaviour of Agents＇ Opinion under Influence of an External Field

We propose a model to study the evolution of opinion under the influence of all external field on small world network. The maero-behaviour of agents＇ opinion and the relative change rate as time elapses are studied. The external field is found to play an important role in making the opinion s（t） balance or increase, and without the influence of the external field, the relative change rate γ（t） shows nonlinear increasing behaviour as time runs. What is more, this nonlinear increasing behaviour is independent of the initial condition, the strength of the external field and the time that we cancel the external field. The results may reflect some phenomena in our society, such as the function of the macro-control in China or the mass media in our society.