显微镜景深拓展技术研究

随着生命科学需求的日益迫切,显微镜的景深拓展成为显微领域的一个重要发展方向,为了更好地了解、研究显微景深问题,对景深拓展技术进行研究与总结。以显微景深的大幅提升为出发点,就光学切片扫描、空间光调制、波前编码及光场显微4个方面进行了全面的综合性论述。对这些技术的原理、方式及拓展水平进行了阐述,并就其技术缺陷、发展方向进行了归纳总结。随着技术水平的提高,显微景深较传统显微镜可提高1~2个数量级。     

Shim coil design for Halbach magnet by equivalent magnetic dipole method

Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance magnet(2 MHz) is required for rock core analysis. However, due to its low field strength, it is hard to achieve a high uniform B_0 field only by using the passive shimming. Therefore, active shimming is necessarily used to further improve uniformity for Halbach magnet. In this work, an equivalent magnetic dipole method is presented for designing shim coils. The minimization of the coil power dissipation is considered as an optimal object to minimize coil heating effect, and the deviation from the target field is selected as a penalty function term. The lsqnonlin optimization toolbox of MATLAB is used to solve the optimization problem. Eight shim coils are obtained in accordance with the contour of the stream function. We simulate each shim coil by ANSYS Maxwell software to verify the validity of the designed coils. Measurement results of the field distribution of these coils are consistent with those of the target fields.The uniformity of the B_0 field is improved from 114.2 ppm to 26.9 ppm after using these shim coils.     

用于木材水分检测的单边核磁共振传感器设计

为了实现对木材水分的无损检测,设计了一种单边核磁共振（unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance,UMR）传感器,该传感器由单边磁体、抗涡流板、射频线圈、阻抗匹配和调谐电路构成．在距离传感器表面上方75 mm处的50 mm×50 mm的平面内,建立了71.1 mT（共振频率为3.027 MHz）的静态磁场．本文详细介绍了该传感器的设计思路和实现方法,并开展了初步的木材水分无损测量实验．对圆柱形树桩的径向水分分布进行了一维扫描测量,观察了水分由树皮向树芯逐步深入过程中横向弛豫时间（T₂）的变化规律,还使用UMR仪对木材干燥过程中水分的挥发进行了测量.实验结果表明,随着干燥的加剧,被测样品T₂谱的长T₂波峰明显左移、积分面积渐减,而且积分面积与木材样品含水率呈正比．本文为木材研究提供了一种便携的NMR测量设备设计方案,且可以实现野外活体树木的无损测量．     

弧形核磁共振传感器设计及其在复合绝缘子老化状态检测中的应用

硅橡胶复合绝缘子具有憎水性、强度高和重量轻等优势,被广泛应用于电力系统,然而,目前尚没有准确有效的方法来检测硅橡胶复合绝缘子的老化状态．许多学者对复合绝缘子伞裙的老化状态开展了相关研究,但目前尚未有对复合绝缘子芯棒护套老化状态的研究报道．针对这一问题,该文设计了一种能够测量弧形表面样品的核磁共振（NMR）传感器,并应用于芯棒护套老化状态的检测．首先,对产生主磁场（B⁰）的磁体结构进行了设计及优化,使得主磁场的分布具有和芯棒护套一样的曲率．其次,设计并优化了一种可弯曲的螺线线圈作为射频线圈．最后,用该传感器测量了3种在220 kV输电线路上挂网运行了不同年限的复合绝缘子的芯棒护套．采用CPMG脉冲序列激励样品,并得到横向弛豫衰减曲线,然后对横向弛豫衰减曲线做拉普拉斯逆变换获得横向弛豫时间（T₂）谱．T₂谱显示,随着运行年限的增长,复合绝缘子芯棒护套的T₂会减小．因此,从T₂谱中提取的T^{2,long mean}可以作为一个衡量复合绝缘子芯棒护套老化状态的参数．     

用于土壤水分测量的磁共振射频线圈宽频匹配方法

准确检测土壤水分对于改善农业用水管理至关重要.为了实现土壤水分的准确测量,本文设计了一种微型inside-out核磁共振（NMR）传感器（测量区域位于传感器周围）.其中磁体由三个轴向磁化的圆柱磁体组成,射频线圈由四个相同的弧面螺旋线圈串联组成.通过调整圆柱体之间的半径和高度,获得了一个圆周对称恒定梯度场.并利用宽频带匹配方法,增加射频线圈的激励区域,从而提高整体信噪比.将本文设计的传感器用于测量含水量不同的小颗粒沙土和大颗粒石英砂土壤模型样品的CPMG（Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill）信号,通过逆拉普拉斯变换获得了T₂分布谱,并将T₂谱峰面积与称重法获得的含水量进行了相关性分析,探讨了该传感器用于测量土壤水分的可行性.     

Equivalent magnetic dipole method used to design gradient coil for unilateral magnetic resonance imaging

The conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) equipment cannot measure large volume samples nondestructively in the engineering site for its heavy weight and closed structure. In order to realize the mobile MRI, this study focuses on the design of gradient coil of unilateral magnet. The unilateral MRI system is used to image the local area above the magnet. The current density distribution of the gradient coil cannot be used as a series of superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance gradient coils, because the region of interest(ROI) and the wiring area of the unilateral magnet are both cylindrical side arc surfaces. Therefore, the equivalent magnetic dipole method is used to design the gradient coil, and the algorithm is improved for the special case of the wiring area and the ROI, so the X and Y gradient coils are designed.Finally, a flexible printed circuit board(PCB) is used to fabricate the gradient coil, and the magnetic field distribution of the ROI is measured by a Gauss meter, and the measured results match with the simulation results. The gradient linearities of x and y coils are 2.82% and 3.56%, respectively, less than 5% of the commercial gradient coil requirement.