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采用自由基聚合法合成了乙烯基硅纳米粒子-聚丙烯酸(VSNPs-PAA)双重交联复合水凝胶,考察了交联剂、引发剂、单体以及p H值、温度、盐溶液等对水凝胶溶胀行为的影响。结果表明,引发剂浓度为0.08%,交联剂浓度为0.1%,单体浓度为80%时,合成的水凝胶溶胀性能最大,吸水率达到5000%以上;该水凝胶不仅具有p H值敏感性和p H值变化下良好的反复性,而且在p H4的酸性溶液中表现出温度敏感性,其溶胀率随温度的升高而增大;水凝胶的溶胀率随着盐溶液浓度的增大而减小。 相似文献
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天然蜘蛛丝是由β-sheet交联的蛛丝蛋白溶剂流入S-型导管后经牵引拉伸形成,它显示了高强度与高韧性的完美结合。其优异的力学性质主要源于它的多级结构:交联、线性排列的纳米组装体以及核壳结构。受此启发,我们合成了一种交联的水凝胶,通过牵引拉丝的方法,制备了交联的、含有取向排列的纳米组装体结构以及核壳结构的凝胶纤维,并通过少量引入二维纳米材料—氧化石墨烯(0.01%),进一步调控纳米组装体的取向和尺寸,实现了蜘蛛丝般优异的力学性能(断裂强度560 MPa,断裂韧性200 MJ·m–3,缓冲能94%)。这种纤维可以用于高速下落物体的能量耗散和降低冲击力。 相似文献
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Developing moisture-sensitive artificial muscles from industrialized natural fibers with large abundance is highly desired for smart textiles that can respond to humidity or temperature change.However,currently most of fiber artificial muscles are based on non-common industrial textile materials or of a small portion of global textile fiber market.In this paper,we developed moisture-sensitive torsional artificial muscles and textiles based on cotton yarns.It was prepared by twisting the cotton yarn followed by folding in the middle point to form a self-balanced structure.The cotton yarn muscle showed a torsional stroke of 42.55°/mm and a rotational speed of 720 rpm upon exposure to water moisture.Good reversibility and retention of stroke during cyclic exposure and removal of water moisture were obtained.A moisturesensitive smart window that can close when it rains was demonstrated based on the torsional cotton yarn muscles.This twist-based technique combining natural textile fibers provides a new insight for construction of smart textile materials. 相似文献
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Stretchable electromagnetic interference shielding and antenna for wireless strain sensing by anisotropic micron-steel-wire based conductive elastomers 下载免费PDF全文
We prepare stretchable elastic electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding and stretchable antenna for wireless strain sensing using an elastic composite comprising commercial steel wool as a conducting element. The prepared elastic conductor shows anisotropic electrical properties in response to the external force. In the stretchable range, the electrical resistance abnormally decreases with the increase of tensile deformation. The EMI shielding effectiveness of the elastic conductor can reach above-30 d B under 80% tensile strain. The resonance frequency of the dipole antenna prepared by the elastic conductor is linearly correlated with the tensile strain, which can be used as a wireless strain sensor. The transmission efficiency is stable at about-15 d B when stretched to 50% strain, with attenuation less than 5%. The current research provides an effective solution for stretchable EMI shielding and wireless strain sensing integrated with signal transmission by an antenna. 相似文献
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自然界中存在多种捻曲结构,研究发现该捻曲结构有助于改善物质的性能,进而实现丰富的生物学功能。研究人员通过模仿天然捻曲结构对高分子纤维进行加捻,开发了适用于多种应用场景的捻曲纤维。纤维在加捻的过程中会产生捻矩,内部结构呈现螺旋取向,同时分子链排列也会更加紧密。这种内部结构的变化使纤维在机械性能、热效应和电力学等方面增加了一些特性。因此,基于这些特性可以将捻曲纤维应用于多个领域的发展中。本文介绍了捻曲纤维的制备原理,综述了捻曲纤维在人工肌肉、制冷和发电等应用中的最新进展,并对捻曲纤维的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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抗荷服广泛用于航空防护救生领域,通过抗荷服的气动加压对人体表面施加压力,限制血液向下流动,减轻脑部供血不足和脏器位置移动对飞行员造成身体损伤。从而提高飞行员在机动飞行的抗过载能力,保证飞行安全。本文通过镍钛合金纤维人工肌肉用于人体加压的研究。与传统管式抗荷服进行加压实验对比发现镍钛合金纤维人工肌肉纤维实验过程中产生的表面压力与管式抗荷服形成的体表平均压力相近,实验值理论上可达到抗过载所需的体表压力。通过电驱动产生的加压响应速度较管式抗荷服充气式更快,可摆脱传统抗荷所需复杂供气系统,在航空防护救生领域具有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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