Z箍缩驱动动态黑腔中的基本能量转移特征

动态黑腔是Z箍缩应用的重要途径,它可以为惯性约束聚变靶丸烧蚀内爆提供均匀对称的辐射场,也可以为辐射不透明度测量的样品提供加热源和背光源.动态黑腔中的辐射场特征与驱动电流、黑腔结构和材料组成等密切相关,在宏观上它由黑腔中能量转移决定.为了快速地获得动态黑腔中基本能量的转移特征,以及它们随黑腔结构、线质量、驱动电流参数等的变化趋势,本文采用简单的物理模型来描述动态黑腔的内爆行为.就泡沫柱内爆动能与一维辐射磁流体力学程序的模拟结果进行了比较,两者比较接近.在惯性约束聚变应用的动态黑腔中,丝阵等离子体与泡沫柱碰撞时的动能损失对辐射场的形成很重要;而在辐射源应用的动态黑腔中,动能损失和泡沫柱最后内爆达到的动能都重要.泡沫柱最后获得的最大内爆动能与驱动电流的幅值平方成正比,碰撞动能损失随泡沫柱质量的增加而增大.电流上升时间变小,则泡沫柱中的质量能量密度要增大,从而辐射功率也要增大.     

基于等离子体粒子模拟的喷气Z箍缩过程物理研究

给出了喷气Z箍缩动力学过程在二维柱坐标系下的等离子体粒子模拟物理模型,编写了相应的程序.对低电流驱动下的稀薄喷气Z箍缩动力学过程进行了验证性的等离子体粒子模拟,得到了许多微观的Z箍缩物理信息,如负载中的电流(密度)、电磁场、粒子位置和密度的时空演化,以及总的z箍缩拖尾质量和拖尾电流等信息.发现在Z箍缩过程中,模拟得到的等离子体电流随时间的变化反映出了等离子体箍缩到心和反弹的过程特征,磁场随径向的变化与长直导线电流给出的磁场很接近;电子所受到的电场力和磁场力(洛伦兹力)是相当的,而离子所受到的力主要是电场力;电子首先在z方向加速,然后在自身运动产生电流的磁场的作用下向轴心箍缩,而离子是在电子和离子电荷分离所产生的电场力的作用下向轴心运动;在压缩到轴心附近时,电子首先因静电排斥而飞散,而离子则在惯性的作用下继续向轴心箍缩,而后滞止飞散.Z箍缩等离子体的拖尾质量在20%左右,拖尾电流最大时在7%左右.     

Analytical studies on the evolution processes of rarefied deuterium plasma shell Z-pinch by PIC and MHD simulations

In this paper, we analytically explore the magnetic field and mass density evolutions obtained in particle-in-cell(PIC)and magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) simulations of a rarefied deuterium shell Z-pinch and compare those results, and also we study the effects of artificially increased Spitzer resistivity on the magnetic field evolution and Z-pinch dynamic process in the MHD simulation. There are significant differences between the profiles of mass density in the PIC and MHD simulations before 45 ns of the Z-pinch in this study. However, after the shock formation in the PIC simulation,the mass density profile is similar to that in the MHD simulation in the case of using multiplier 2 to modify the Spitzer resistivity. Compared with the magnetic field profiles of the PIC simulation of the shell, the magnetic field diffusion has still not been sufficiently revealed in the MHD simulation even though their convergence ratios become the same by using larger multipliers in the resistivity. The MHD simulation results suggest that the magnetic field diffusion is greatly enhanced by increasing the Spitzer resistivity used, which, however, causes the implosion characteristic to change from shock compression to weak shock, even shockless evolution, and expedites the expansion of the shell. Too large a multiplier is not suggested to be used to modify the resistivity in some Z-pinch applications, such as the Z-pinch driven inertial confinement fusion(ICF) in a dynamic hohlraum. Two-fluid or Hall MHD model, even the PIC/fluid hybrid simulation would be considered as a suitable physical model when there exist the plasma regions with very low density in the simulated domain.