Mechanical effects of acupuncture

Acupuncture, a physiotherapy, has been widely accepted all around the world. This study focuses on the influence of membrane structures and explains the acupuncture sensations from the aspect of mechanical properties. By mathematical modeling and numerical simulation, the scientific meaning of the acupuncture depth is investigated and phenomena and theory of acupuncture are discussed. The simulation results show that (a) the fascial structure is the main contributor to the force on the needle, the axial force will gradually increase before piercing the fascial, and suddenly decrease after piercing the fascial; (b) there is an inverse relationship between the needle radius and the maximum radial stress, which indicates that the needle should not be too sharp to cause local stress concentration and piece the fascia layer; and (c) the simulation results of comprehensively considering the static friction and sliding friction is identical with the experiment results. This study proposes a preliminary study of mechanical effects of acupuncture manipulation, clarifies key factors affecting the stress on the needle, and explains the objective requirement of acupuncture depth to effective treatment.     

A posterior error estimates for the nonlinear grating problem with transparent boundary condition

The nonlinear grating problem is modeled by Maxwell's equations with transparent boundary conditions. The nonlocal boundary operators are truncated by taking sufficiently many terms in the corresponding expansions. A finite element method with the truncation operators is developed for solving the nonlinear grating problem. The two posterior error estimates are established. The a posterior error estimate consists of two parts: finite element discretization error and the truncation error of the nonlocal boundary operators. In particular, the truncation error caused by truncation operations is exponentially decayed when the parameter N is increased. Numerical experiment is included to illustrate the efficiency of the method. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 1101–1118, 2015     

A scale‐free network model for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men in China

Objective: The study aimed to analyze sexual networks and sex role preference as factors of HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Methods: We have developed a new scale‐free network model with a sex role preference framework to study HIV transmission among MSM. We have studied the influence of different sexual networks and the effect of different proportion of sex role preference upon HIV transmission. The results are that the average ones drawn from the scenarios have been simulated for more than 30 times. Results: Compared with the traditional mathematical model, the sexual networks provide a different prediction of the HIV transmission in the next 30 years. Without any intervention, the proportion of HIV carriers will descend after some time. Conclusions: There is significant associations among network characteristics, sex role preference, and HIV infection. Although network‐based intervention is efficient in reducing HIV transmission among MSM, there are only few studies of the characteristics of sexual network, and such gaps deserve more attention and exploration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electroless nickel plating on optical fiber probe

As a component of near-field scanning optical microscope （NSOM）, optical fiber probe is an important factor influncing the equipment resolution. Electroless nickel plating is introduced to metallize the optical fiber probe. The optical fibers are etched by 40% HF with Turner etching method. Through pretreatment, the optical fiber probe is coated with Ni-P film by electroless plating in a constant temperature water tank. Atomic absorption spectrometry （AAS）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDXS） are carried out to characterize the deposition on fiber probe. We have reproducibly fabricated two kinds of fiber probes with a Ni-P film： aperture probe and apertureless probe. In addition, reductive particle transportation on the surface of fiber probe is proposed to explain the cause of these probes.     

“双溪堆积体”的成因及其主要工程地质特征

双溪堆积体”是大宁河上游广泛发育的、钙质胶结的碎石土堆积体,其成因与大宁河流域新近系不同时期发育的崩塌、滑坡和泥石流有密切的关系。在大宁河沿岸的双溪、中坝、神基坪一带,志留系泥岩粉砂岩等易风化软弱碎屑岩构成斜坡下部相对较缓的部位,二叠系或三叠系相对坚硬的灰岩则形成斜坡上部高陡的崖坡,坡脚则广泛分布着这种钙质胶结的“双溪堆积体”。     

A robust method for the synthesis of colloidal PbS nanosheets

In the synthesis of colloidal PbS nanosheets, acetic acid – either injected externally or produced during the reaction – has a significant effect on the growth of the nanosheets. When the acetic acid to lead molar ratio is above 1:8, no nanosheets are observed in the product. By replacing lead acetate with lead oxide to prepare the lead precursor for the reaction, the effect of acetic acid is avoided, resulting in a robust synthesis with nearly 100% success rate. In the new synthesis, the purity of trioctylphosphine (the co‐solvent for sulfur precursor) has no significant effect on the formation of nanosheets. Thickness tunability is achieved in the acetate‐free synthesis by tuning the reaction temperature. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

An adaptive finite volume method for the diffraction grating problem with the truncated DtN boundary condition

We consider GMRES applied to discretisations of the high-frequency Helmholtz equation with strong trapping; recall that in this situation the problem is exponentially ill-conditioned through an increasing sequence of frequencies. Our main focus is on boundary-integral-equation formulations of the exterior Dirichlet and Neumann obstacle problems in 2- and 3-d. Under certain assumptions about the distribution of the eigenvalues of the integral operators, we prove upper bounds on how the number of GMRES iterations grows with the frequency; we then investigate numerically the sharpness (in terms of dependence on frequency) of both our bounds and various quantities entering our bounds. This paper is therefore the first comprehensive study of the frequency-dependence of the number of GMRES iterations for Helmholtz boundary-integral equations under trapping.

     

One‐dimensional growth of colloidal PbSe nanorods in chloroalkanes

Catalyst‐free, one‐pot synthesis of colloidal PbSe nanorods is demonstrated. The co‐solvent chloroalkanes play a critical role in driving a one‐dimensional growth of PbSe nanorods. The formation of the nanorod is likely governed by the anisotropic growth of the crystal due to the different reactivity of the facets. The photoluminescence quantum yield of the nanorods is above 25%, indicating well‐passivated surfaces. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

ZnO/graphene-oxide nanocomposite with remarkably enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance

In this work, a high-performance photocatalyst of ZnO/graphene-oxide (ZnO/GO) nanocomposite was synthesized via a facile chemical deposition route and used for the photodegradation of organic dye from water under visible light. The nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller N(2) adsorption-desorption analysis, and UV-Vis diffusion reflectance spectroscopy. The ZnO/GO nanocomposite consisting of flower-like ZnO nanoparticles anchored on graphene-oxide sheets has a high surface area and hierarchical porosity, which is benefit to the adsorption and mass transfer of dye and oxygen species. For the photodegradation of organic dyes under visible light, ZnO/GO nanocomposite exhibited remarkably enhanced photocatalytic efficiency than graphene-oxide sheets and flower-like ZnO particles. Moreover, the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO/GO nanocomposite could be further improved by annealing the product in N(2) atmosphere. The outstanding photocatalytic performance was ascribed to the efficient photosensitized electron injection and repressed charge carriers recombination in the composite with GO as electron collector and transporter, thus leading to continuous generation of reactive oxygen species for the degradation of methylene blue.     

卟啉化合物的合成*

卟啉化合物在自然界中广泛存在,它作为辅基普遍存在于血色素、肌球素、细胞色素、接触酶素、过氧物酶、叶绿素和细胞叶绿素中。本文主要介绍吡咯与醛酮缩合环化合成卟啉化合物的两种方法：吡咯与醛酮直接缩合环化法和模块法,分别论述近年来四苯基卟啉型（meso-取代）和八乙基卟啉型（β-取代）合成方面的研究进展。对模块法中模块单体的合成制备给予较为详细的介绍。