A molecular-beam study of the collision dynamics of methane and ethane upon a graphitic monolayer on Pt(111)

Utilizing a supersonic molecular-beam scattering technique, the angular intensity distributions of alkane molecules (CH4 and C2H6) have been measured, which are scattered from a chemically inert and highly oriented monolayer graphite (MG) on Pt(111). A MG which covers the Pt(111) surface with a full monolayer is found to induce a large energy loss of alkanes during collision with the surface by phonon creation due to the large mass ratio of an alkane molecule with respect to MG. Based on the classical cube model, only applicable to the molecules without internal mode excitation, the effective masses of MG of 76 (six atoms of carbon) and Pt(111) of 585 (three atoms of platinum) are determined from rare-gas atom scattering data. Despite the difference in the degree of freedom between CH4 and rare-gas atoms, CH4 scattering is found to be well described by the simple hard-cube model as a result of the high symmetry of the CH4 structure. With the recently developed ellipsoid-washboard model, an extension of the hard-cube model to include some internal mode excitation of impinging molecules in addition to the surface corrugation, it is found that unlike CH4 the cartwheel rotation mode of C2H6 is significantly excited during collision, while the helicopter mode excitation is negligible on a flat MG surface.     

Rare-earth doped III-nitride semiconductors for semiconductor spintronics

InGaGdN layers and InGaGdN/GaN superlattice (SL) structures were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. InGaGdN layers exhibited photoluminescence emission at room temperature and its peak wavelength was red-shifted with the increase of In composition. Clear hysteresis and saturation were observed in the magnetization versus magnetic field curves at room temperature for the InGaGdN layers. Si co-doping into InGaGdN layers increased the electron carrier concentration and enhanced the magnetization. In the InGaGdN/GaN SL samples, enhanced magnetization was also observed. Si doping into wide bandgap GaN layers in these SL structures further increased the magnetization, where InGaGdN layers were not doped with Si. All these results can be understood with the carrier-mediated ferromagnetism.     

On pointwise convergence of Fourier series of radial functions in several variables

We prove the pointwise convergence of the Fourier series for radial functions in several variables, which in the case is the Dirichlet-Jordan theorem itself. In our proof the method for the case of the indicator function of the ball is very useful.

     

Extended studies of the automated odor-sensing system based on plural semiconductor gas sensors with computerized pattern recognition techniques

The odor-sensing system reported earlier is used to measure odors of 47 compounds. Three computerized pattern recognition techniques, the k-NN, simplex and potential function methods, are applied to the data set for the prediction of the odors of the corresponding compounds. The best prediction results (80.9%) were obtained by means of the potential function method.     

Extension of Bischler-Napieralski reaction—IV Synthesis of some pyridine derivatives

Acyl derivatives of 5-phenylpent-4-enylamine were cyclized to give 2-substituted 3-benzal-3,4,5,6,-tetrahydropyridines in good yield. This is a new synthesis of pyridine derivatives.     

Characterization of [ZnO]m[ZnMgO]n multiple quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Thermal stability of single-crystalline [ZnO]_m[Zn_0.7Mg_0.3O]_n multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown on a-plane sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy is reported. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that these MQWs were grown as designed with a fixed Zn_0.7Mg_0.3O barrier width of and a series of ZnO well widths of . Cathodoluminescence spectra from these MQWs consisted of two major peaks; one was the emission from the bound excitons in Zn_0.7Mg_0.3O barrier layers, and the other was that from the confined excitons in ZnO well layers. These structural and optical properties were found to be dramatically changed by the ex situ annealing treatments over 700 °C. These changes were presumably due to the onset of phase separation of the Zn_0.7Mg_0.3O barrier layers with pronounced Mg diffusion toward the ZnO wells.     

Electrochemiluminescence Bioassays with a Water‐Soluble Luminol Derivative Can Outperform Fluorescence Assays

The most efficient and commonly used electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters are luminol, [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺, and derivatives thereof. Luminol stands out due to its low excitation potential, but applications are limited by its insolubility under physiological conditions. The water‐soluble m‐carboxy luminol was synthesized in 15 % yield and exhibited high solubility under physiological conditions and afforded a four‐fold ECL signal increase (vs. luminol). Entrapment in DNA‐tagged liposomes enabled a DNA assay with a detection limit of 3.2 pmol L^?1, which is 150 times lower than the corresponding fluorescence approach. This remarkable sensitivity gain and the low excitation potential establish m‐carboxy luminol as a superior ECL probe with direct relevance to chemiluminescence and enzymatic bioanalytical approaches.     

Mechanism of efficient firefly bioluminescence via adiabatic transition state and seam of sloped conical intersection

Firefly emission is a well-known efficient bioluminescence. However, the mystery of the efficient thermal generation of electronic excited states in firefly still remains unsolved, particularly at the atomic and molecular levels. We performed SA-CASSCF(12,12)/6-31G* and CASPT2(12,12)/6-31G*//SA-CASSCF(12,12)/6-31G* calculations to elucidate the reaction mechanism of bioluminescence from the firefly dioxetanone in the gas phase. Adiabatic transition state (TS) for the O-O bond cleavage and the minimum energy conical intersection (MECI) were located and characterized. The unique topology of MECI featuring a seam of a sloped conical intersection for the firefly dioxetanone, which was uncovered for the first time, emerges along the reaction pathway to provide a widely extended channel to diabatically access the excited-state from the ground state.     

Partitioning of anti-inflammatory steroid drugs into phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol small unilamellar vesicles as studied by second-derivative spectrophotometry

The partition coefficients (Kps) of six anti-inflammatory steroid drugs, dexamethasone (DMS), betamethasone (BMS), triamcinolone acetonide (TCLA), fluocinolone acetonide (FCLA), betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate (BMSDP), and clobetasole propionate (CBSP), for phosphatidylcholine (PC), and PC-cholesterol small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) were determined by a second-derivative spectrophotometric method. The Kp values were obtained with a relative standard deviation of below 10% and the following order was observed: BMS< or =DMS相似文献