Antimicrobial,Antioxidant, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase,Antidiabetic, and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Carum carvi L. and Coriandrum sativum L. Essential Oils Alone and in Combination

Herbs and spices have been used since antiquity for their nutritional and health properties, as well as in traditional remedies for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Therefore, this study aims to perform a chemical analysis of both essential oils (EOs) from the seeds of Carum carvi (C. carvi) and Coriandrum sativum (C. sativum) and evaluate their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antidiabetic activities alone and in combination. Results showed that the EOs mainly constitute monoterpenes with γ-terpinene (31.03%), β-pinene (18.77%), p-cymene (17.16%), and carvone (12.20%) being the major components present in C. carvi EO and linalool (76.41%), γ-terpinene (5.35%), and α-pinene (4.44%) in C. sativum EO. In comparison to standards, statistical analysis revealed that C. carvi EO showed high and significantly different (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity than C. sativum EO, but lower than the mixture. Moreover, the mixture exhibited two-times greater ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (IC₅₀ = 11.33 ± 1.53 mg/mL) and equipotent chelating power (IC₅₀ = 31.33 ± 0.47 mg/mL) than the corresponding references, and also potent activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC₅₀ = 19.00 ± 1.00 mg/mL), β-carotene (IC₅₀ = 11.16 ± 0.84 mg/mL), and superoxide anion (IC₅₀ = 10.33 ± 0.58 mg/mL) assays. Antimicrobial data revealed that single and mixture EOs were active against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms, and the mixture had the ability to kill more bacterial strains than each EO alone. Additionally, the anti-acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect have been studied for the first time, highlighting the high inhibition effect of AChE by C. carvi (IC₅₀ = 0.82 ± 0.05 mg/mL), and especially by C. sativum (IC₅₀ = 0.68 ± 0.03 mg/mL), as well as the mixture (IC₅₀ = 0.63 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared to the reference drug, which are insignificantly different (p > 0.05). A high and equipotent antidiabetic activity was observed for the mixture (IC₅₀ = 0.75 ± 0.15 mg/mL) when compared to the standard drug, acarbose, which is about nine times higher than each EO alone. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic analysis provides some useful insights into designing new drugs with favorable drug likeness and safety profiles based on a C. carvi and C. sativum EO mixture. In summary, the results of this study revealed that the combination of these EOs may be recommended for further food, therapeutic, and pharmaceutical applications, and can be utilized as medicine to inhibit several diseases.     

Refinements of Milnor's fibration theorem for complex singularities

Let X be an analytic subset of an open neighbourhood U of the origin in Cn. Let be holomorphic and set V=f−1(0). Let Bε be a ball in U of sufficiently small radius ε>0, centred at . We show that f has an associated canonical pencil of real analytic hypersurfaces Xθ, with axis V, which leads to a fibration Φ of the whole space (X∩Bε)?V over S¹. Its restriction to (X∩Sε)?V is the usual Milnor fibration , while its restriction to the Milnor tube f−1(∂Dη)∩Bε is the Milnor-Lê fibration of f. Each element of the pencil Xθ meets transversally the boundary sphere Sε=∂Bε, and the intersection is the union of the link of f and two homeomorphic fibres of ? over antipodal points in the circle. Furthermore, the space obtained by the real blow up of the ideal (Re(f),Im(f)) is a fibre bundle over RP¹ with the Xθ as fibres. These constructions work also, to some extent, for real analytic map-germs, and give us a clear picture of the differences, concerning Milnor fibrations, between real and complex analytic singularities.     

Asymptotically self-similar global solutions of a general semilinear heat equation

We consider the general nonlinear heat equation on where and g satisfies certain growth conditions. We prove the existence of global solutions for small initial data with respect to a norm which is related to the structure of the equation. We also prove that some of those global solutions are asymptotic for large time to self-similar solutions of the single power nonlinear heat equation, i.e. with Received: 23 July 1999 / Accepted: 14 December 2000 / Published online: 23 July 2001     

Biological Activities Evaluation of Enantiopure Isoxazolidine Derivatives: In Vitro,In Vivo and In Silico Studies

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - A series of enantiopure isoxazolidines (3a–c) were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between a (−)-menthone-derived nitrone and various...     

The Nash modification and hyperplane sections on surfaces

We prove that the planar components of the tangent cone of a complex analytic surface at a point correspond to the base points of hyperplane sections by the Nash modification. This correspondence is then used to characterize domination relations between the normalized Nash modification and the normalized blow-up of a point.     

A partial derivatives approach for estimation of the viscosity Arrhenius temperature in N,N-dimethylformamide + 1,4-dioxane binary fluid mixtures at temperatures from 298.15 K to 318.15 K

Excess properties calculated from the literature values of experimental density and viscosity in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) + 1,4-dioxane (DO) fluid binary mixtures (from 303.15 to 318.15) K can lead us to test the different correlation equations as well as their corresponding relative functions. Inspection of the Arrhenius activation energy Ea and the enthalpy of activation of viscous flow ?H* shows very close values; here we can define partial molar activation energy Ea₁ and Ea₂ for DMF and DO, respectively, along with their individual contribution separately. Correlation between the two Arrhenius parameters of viscosity in all compositions shows the existence of the primary distinct behaviours separated by particular mole fractions in DMF. In addition, we add that the correlation between Arrhenius parameters reveals interesting Arrhenius temperature (T_A), which is closely related to the vaporisation temperature in the liquid–vapour equilibrium; moreover, the limiting corresponding partial molar properties allow us to estimate the boiling points of the pure components.