The impact of intermediaries on a negotiation: an approach from game theory

Central European Journal of Operations Research - Standard approaches to model interaction networks are limited in their capacity to describe the nuances of real communication. We present a game...     

Microanalysis of Si,S and Zn in GaSb by use of direct observation of (p,p′γ) reactions

The use of direct observation of nuclear reactions (p,p′γ) is discussed. The main characteristics of this method are presented and applied to the case of the miroanalysis of Si, S and Zn in GaSb.     

Keto-Enolic Equilibria of an Isatin-Schiff Base Copper(II) Complex and its Reactivity toward Carbohydrate Oxidation

An interesting isatin-Schiff base copper(II) complex, [Cu(isapn)](ClO₄)₂ where isapn= N,N-[bis-(3,3-indolin-2-one)]-1,3-diiminepropane, was prepared and characterized by different techniques, both in the solid state and in solution, and its reactivity toward carbohydrate oxidation was verified. The positive ion electrospray mass spectrum detects the complex as an isotopologue cluster of singly charged intact isatin-copper(I) ions of m/z 395 (for ⁶⁵Cu) with an isotopic pattern identical to that calculated for C₁₉H₁₆CuN₄O₂ ⁺. Tandem mass spectrometry reveals an interesting and structurally diagnostic collision-induced dissociation behavior for this ionized complex, which is dominated by the cleavage of the N—(CH₂)₃—N propylene bridge. In aqueous solution, this complex undergoes a peculiar keto-enolic equilibrium, verified at different pH's by spectroscopic methods (u.v.–vis. and e.p.r.), with a corresponding pK _a determined as 9.5. The e.p.r. parameter ratio g /A for this complex, in frozen MeOH/H₂O (4:1, v/v) solution at 77 K, changes from 188 cm in acidic medium (pH 2.5–3.0) to 118 cm in basic medium (pH 11), indicating a significant structural change from a distorted tetrahedral to a more tetragonal geometry around the copper ion. This compound was shown to catalyze the oxidation of hexoses (glucose, fructose and galactose), in alkaline media, via reactive oxygen species, which were detected by using specific enzymes, and by e.p.r. spin trapping. The reaction was monitored at (25.0 ± 0.1)°C by the consumption of oxygen, and showed first-order dependence on catalyst, followed by a saturation effect. First-order kinetics with respect to [OH^–] concentration was also observed, indicating that enolization of the substrate as well as the metal-catalyzed enediol oxidation are the rate-determining steps.     

Measurement of compound-nucleus lifetime by X-ray spectroscopy in the 106Cd(p,p')106Cd reaction

A new method for measuring compound-nucleus lifetimes in the range of 10^?18–10^?16 s is presented. The method is based on the comparison between the known lifetime of an atomic excited state used as a reference and the nuclear delay time to be measured. On-line coincidences performed between the nuclear reaction products and the emitted X-rays enable the selection of the atomic vacancies decaying during the compound stage of the nuclear interaction. The main characteristics of this technique are illustrated by measurements of lifetimes of the ¹⁰⁷In compound nucleus excited at 13.6 and 15.6 MeV in the ¹⁰⁶Cd(p, p')¹⁰⁶Cd reaction. They are found in agreement with statistical model calculations. The spurious effect associated with decay by internal conversion of final states populated by the competitive (p, n) reaction is emphasized.     

Production of projectile and targetK X-rays by single and multiple electron-capture in collisions of Si14+ and Si13+ ions with argon atoms at 4.5 and 5.5 MeV/amu

Projectile and target X-ray cross-sections have been measured in collisions of bare and hydrogenlike Silicon ions with argon atoms. Projectile energies are 125 MeV and 153 MeV, i.e. the intermediate velocity region forK-shell capture. Coincidence measurements between X-ray photons and the scattered Si ⁿ⁺ projectiles with charge statesn-1,n-2 andn-3 have been made. The relative contribution of charge exchange and direct ionization (or excitation) of the targetK-shell has been obtained directly by this new method. DoubleK-shell electron transfer is demonstrated to be very large in the case of fully stripped Si ions. A thorough theoretical analysis of the data is carried out and multiple capture processes are evaluated using an independent electron model.     

On the relationship between Shapley and Owen values

Owen value is an extension of Shapley value for cooperative games when a particular coalition structure or partition of the set of players is considered in addition. In this paper, we will obtain the Shapley value as an average of Owen values over each set of the same kind of coalition structures, i.e., coalition structures with equal number of sets sharing the same size.     

Projectile charge and mass dependence of large angle K-shell ionization probabilities on copper

The dependence on the scattering angle of the K-shell ionization probability has been measured with 0.5 MeV H⁺, 1 MeV D⁺ and 2 MeV He⁺ on copper targets. The experimental values are compared to SCA calculations corrected for binding, retardation and relativistic effects. The angular dependences are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions if the rapid variation of the nuclear relative velocity at the distance of closet approach is correctly taken into account (“hair-spin curve” effect).     

An arithmetic-algebraic work space for the promotion of arithmetic and algebraic thinking: triangular numbers

ZDM – Mathematics Education - This paper presents an experiment that attempts to mobilise an arithmetic-algebraic way of thinking in order to articulate between arithmetic thinking and the...