Two-dimensional gas motion in nuclear-pumped laser cells at low energy deposits into the gas

The distribution of the two-dimensional gas velocity inside ion-irradiated laser cells is considered for low ion energy deposits into the gas. It is shown that, if the energy deposit is smoothly nonuniform, the twodimensional motion has two quasi-one-dimensional components: the longitudinal gas velocity is practically uniform across the cell and depends on the transversely averaged energy deposit, while the transverse velocity component depends on the difference between the local energy deposit and energy deposit averaged over the transverse direction.     

Design and application of double amplified recirculating ring structure for hybrid fibre buses

The design of a double-parallel amplified recirculating optical delay line utilizing an erbium-doped fibre amplifier for a fibre optical bus is described. This structure is used for amplifying, equalizing and filtering multicarrier signals coming from optoelectronic units attached to fibre couplers. The use of this structure for a hybrid multimode-singlemode fibre bus that includes optoelectronic units for sensors is also demonstrated.     

反应原料组成对单分散苯乙烯微球粒径及其分布的影响

采用分散聚合工艺制备微米级单分散聚苯乙烯微球，并对分散聚合反应的内部影响因素(分散稳定剂、助稳定剂、单体、引发剂)进行了研究．结果表明，随着分散稳定剂和助稳定剂用量的增加，聚苯乙烯微球的粒径减小；随着单体和引发剂用量的增加，聚苯乙烯微球的粒径增大．分散稳定剂和单体用量是影响聚苯乙烯微球粒径分布的两个主要内部因素．     

Thermal Degradation of Polysiloxane Coatings on E-Glass Fiber. A FTIR Study

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermal Analysis have been used to study the thermal and termooxidative degradation of polysiloxane coatings obtained by treating E-glass fiber with aqueous solutions of 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane. Initial weight losses were due to polymerization of the coatings. Severe oxidative degradations were observed at temperatures above 180°C. At 550°C the residue of the coating was found to be silica with free silanol groups.     

Locally adaptive bilateral clustering for universal image denoising

This paper presents a novel and efficient locally adaptive denoising method based on clustering of pixels into regions of similar geometric and radiometric structures. Clustering is performed by adaptively segmenting pixels in the local kernel based on their augmented variational series. Then, noise pixels are restored by selectively considering the radiometric and spatial properties of every pixel in the formed clusters. The proposed method is exceedingly robust in conveying reliable local structural information even in the presence of noise. As a result, the proposed method substantially outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in terms of image restoration and computational cost. We support our claims with ample simulated and real data experiments. The relatively fast runtime from extensive simulations also suggests that the proposed method is suitable for a variety of image-based products ?? either embedded in image capturing devices or applied as image enhancement software.     

Optimized K-means (OKM) clustering algorithm for image segmentation

This paper presents the optimized K-means (OKM) algorithm that can homogenously segment an image into regions of interest with the capability of avoiding the dead centre and trapped centre at local minima phenomena. Despite the fact that the previous improvements of the conventional K-means (KM) algorithm could significantly reduce or avoid the former problem, the latter problem could only be avoided by those algorithms, if an appropriate initial value is assigned to all clusters. In this study the modification on the hard membership concept as employed by the conventional KM algorithm is considered. As the process of a pixel is assigned to its associate cluster, if the pixel has equal distance to two or more adjacent cluster centres, the pixel will be assigned to the cluster with null (e. g., no members) or to the cluster with a lower fitness value. The qualitative and quantitative analyses have been performed to investigate the robustness of the proposed algorithm. It is concluded that from the experimental results, the new approach is effective to avoid dead centre and trapped centre at local minima which leads to producing better and more homogenous segmented images.     

5-Bromo- and 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides — inhibitors of photosynthesis

5-Bromo-(Br-PBA) and 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamides (Br₂-PBA) inhibited photosynthetic electron transport (PET) and their inhibitory efficiency depended on the compound lipophilicity as well as on the electronic properties of the R substituent in the N-phenyl moiety. Br-PBA showed higher PET inhibiting activity than Br₂-PBA with the same R substituent. The most effective inhibitors in the tested series were the derivatives with R = 3-F (Br-PBA; IC₅₀ = 4.3 μmol dm^?3) and R = 3-Cl (Br₂-PBA; IC₅₀ = 8.6 μmol dm^?3). Bilinear dependence of the PET inhibiting activity on the lipophilicity of the compounds as well as on the Hammett constant, σ, of the R substituent was observed for both investigated series. Using EPR spectroscopy it was found that the site of action of the tested compounds in the photosynthetic apparatus is situated on the donor side of PS 2, in D^· or in the Z^·/D^· intermediates. Interaction of the studied compounds with chlorophyll a and aromatic amino acids present in the pigment-protein complexes mainly in photosystem 2 was documented by fluorescence spectroscopy.     

Total Syntheses of 11-Acetoxy-4-deoxyasbestinin D, 4-Deoxyasbestinin C,Asbestinin-10, -20, -21 and -23

Six members of the asbestinin family of marine diterpene natural products have been synthesized in an efficient and stereoselective manner from a single oxa-bridged intermediate. Five of these natural products have not been synthesized previously and the structures of four of them have been confirmed as those proposed originally or following revisions to the original structures. The fifth natural product—asbestinin-21—has been shown to be a diastereomer of the compound that had been proposed previously.     

Effect of MWCNT content on thermal and shape memory properties of epoxy nanocomposites as material for morphing wing skin

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In the present study, a shape memory epoxy polymer (SMEP) system was prepared from commercially available EPON 826 and NGDE, and then, 0.5%, 1.0% and...