全文获取类型
收费全文 | 488篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 335篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
力学 | 5篇 |
数学 | 56篇 |
物理学 | 104篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 15篇 |
2013年 | 39篇 |
2012年 | 20篇 |
2011年 | 31篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 39篇 |
2006年 | 31篇 |
2005年 | 31篇 |
2004年 | 30篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有504条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
Masaharu Asano Jinhua Chen Yasunari Maekawa Takahiro Sakamura Hitoshi Kubota Masaru Yoshida 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(13):2624-2637
A novel process comprising the UV‐induced photografting of styrene into poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films and subsequent sulfonation has been developed for preparing proton‐conducting membranes. Although under UV irradiation the initial radicals were mainly generated on the surface of the PTFE films by the action of photosensitizers such as xanthone and benzoyl peroxide, the graft chains were readily propagated into the PTFE films. The sulfonation of the grafted films was performed in a chlorosulfonic acid solution. Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the grafted and sulfonated membranes. With a view to use in fuel cells, the proton conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties of the prepared membranes were measured. Even through the degree of grafting was lower than 10%, the proton conductivity in the thickness direction of the newly prepared membranes could reach a value similar to that of a Nafion membrane. In comparison with γ‐ray radiation grafting, UV‐induced photografting is very simple and safe and is less damaging to the membranes because significant degradation of the PTFE main chains can be avoided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2624–2637, 2007 相似文献
2.
Kiyoshi Tanemura Tsuneo Suzuki Takaaki Horaguchi Mikio Sudo 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1991,28(2):305-309
A new heterocycle, furo[4,3,2-de][1]benzopyran ( 2 ), was synthesized. A key step in the sequence was the allylic bromination of 3,4-dihydrofuro[4,3,2-de][1]benzopyran ( 8 ) to give 3-bromo-3,4-dihydrofuro[4,3,2-de][1]-benzopyran ( 10 ) using N-bromosuccinimide under irradiation and high dilution conditions. Bromide 10 was dealt with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene to afford compound 2 . Several reactions of 2 were examined. Protonation of 2 in trifluoroacetic acid occurred at the 2-position to form a pyrylium ion 12 . Catalytic hydrogenation of 2 with palladium on charcoal proceeded smoothly to give 8 . Reduction of 2 by sodium and ethanol afforded 3-ethyl-4-hydroxybenzofuran ( 14 ). Electrophilic substitutions of 2 such as formylation, acetylation, and bromination, occurred easily at the 2-position. The above results show that compound 2 has both properties of benzofuran and 4-methylenepyran. 相似文献
3.
Masaharu Ishikawa 《Topology》2004,43(1):215-232
In the present paper we generalize the divide lying in the unit disk, introduced by A'Campo, to compact, oriented, smooth surfaces, and prove a fibration theorem for generalized divides. As a consequence, we will show that, for any link L in the tangent circle bundle Y to the compact surface, there exists an additional knot K such that the link L∪K is the binding of a “positive” open book decomposition of Y. 相似文献
4.
Likelihood estimation of soft-core interaction potentials for Gibbsian point patterns 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Yosihiko Ogata Masaharu Tanemura 《Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics》1989,41(3):583-600
The likelihood method is developed for the analysis of socalled regular point patterns. Approximating the normalizing factor of Gibbs canonical distribution, we simultaneously estimate two parameters, one for the scale and the other which measures the softness (or hardness), of repulsive interactions between points. The approximations are useful up to a considerably high density. Some real data are analyzed to illustrate the utility of the parameters for characterizing the regular point pattern. 相似文献
5.
Kiitiro Utimoto Yukio Wakabayashi Yuho Shishiyama Masaharu Inoue Hitosi Nozaki 《Tetrahedron letters》1981,22(43):4279-4280
Title transformation is accomplished by the catalytic action of SnCl2 or BF3·OEt2 Lithio derivative of 2,2-dimethoxyacetonitrile is used as synthetic equivalent of methyl lithioformate. 相似文献
6.
Several transition metal salts were found to catalyze aza-Michael reactions of enones with carbamates efficiently. The catalytic activity was strongly dependent on the nature of the metal salts. While conventional Lewis acids such as BF(3).OEt(2), AlCl(3), or TiCl(4) showed lower activity, group 7-11 transition metal salts in higher oxidation states such as ReCl(5), Fe(ClO(4))(3).9H(2)O, RuCl(3).nH(2)O, OsCl(3).3H(2)O, RhCl(3).nH(2)O, PtCl(4).5H(2)O, or AuCl(3).H(2)O exhibited higher catalytic activity. [reaction: see text] 相似文献
7.
Takaaki Horaguchi Hiroaki Yagoh Kiyoshi Tanemura Tsuneo Suzuki 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1986,23(3):657-663
4,5-Dihydro-3H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furans 4 and 6 which have various substituents (R1 and R2) have been synthesized from 8-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthyloxyacetic acids 1 and 3 or their ethyl esters 2 . The reaction of acids 1 and 3 with sodium acetate in acetic anhydride gave a mixture of furans 4 and 6 and lactones 5 and 7 . The ratios of the products were varied according to the types of substituents (R1 and R2) in acids 1 and 3 . As the substituent R1 (R2 = hydrogen) in acids 1 was changed from hydrogen to a methyl, ethyl or isopropyl group, production of furans 4 became more difficult. However, when a phenyl group was used as the substituent, furan 4 was obtained in good yield. Similarly, as the substituent R2 (R1 = hydrogen) in acids 1 was changed from hydrogen to a methyl, ethyl or isopropyl group, furan formation was more difficult. In contrast, acids 3 which had electron-withdrawing substituents such as chlorine, bromine or a nitro group at the 4-position afforded furans 6 in good yield. 4,5-Dihydro-3H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furans 4 and 4,5-dihydro-3H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-carbocylic acids 8 were synthesized from the reaction of esters 2 and potassium hydroxide in dioxane. When the substituents R1 or R2 in esters 2 were varied from hydrogen to a methyl, ethyl or isopropyl group the total yields of furans 4 and furancarboxylic acids 8 were reduced. 相似文献
8.
Three-component reactions of aldehydes, ammonia, and allylboronates were found to provide homoallylic primary amines in high yields with high chemo- and stereoselectivities. A two-step, one-pot, stereoselective synthesis of an uncommon alpha-amino acid, alloisoleucine, was achieved utilizing this reaction. 相似文献
9.
[reaction: see text]. An In(OTf)(3)-catalyzed addition of a beta-ketoester to acetylene in the presence of molecular sieves produces a alpha-vinylated ketoester in good to excellent yield. The vinylation reaction proceeds without any loss of elements in starting molecules under solvent-free conditions and allows the use of welding-grade acetylene, providing a practical method for synthetic utilization of acetylene gas. 相似文献
10.
Kiyoshi Tanemura Yoko Nishida Tsuneo Suzuki Koko Satsumabayashi Takaaki Horaguchi 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1997,34(2):457-460
1,3-Dithianes 1 , 1,3-dithiolanes 2 , and diphenyl dithioacetals 3 derived from cinnamaldehydes reacted with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone in aqueous solvents to give benzaldehydes 4 . Hydride transfer from 1–3 to 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone followed by hydrolysis and oxidative carbon-carbon bond cleavage would produce benzaldehydes 4 . 相似文献